{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:41:11Z","timestamp":1764960071906,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Great design engineers are highly creative and unorthodox individuals who invent novel solutions that satisfy a set of constraints that are often ill-defined and customer driven. Designers use many tools to develop their designs, such as computer aided design (CAD) systems, that do not support the cognition that drives the design process. This paper develops the cognitive psychological background, a\n                    <jats:italic>state of the practice<\/jats:italic>\n                    based rationale for CAD enhancement and the research framework for cognitive CAD tools that support the design engineer during the creative problem solving process through reasoning and meaningful design alternatives. The research framework presented here was initially created for the development of cognitive tools for mechanical design but is transferable to other design disciplines. At the core of the research plan are the development and implementation of an artificial memory that is interpreted with real-time data analyses supported by machine learning, and made accessible to the design engineer through interaction design for intelligent CAD (iCAD).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/icom-2015-0028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T13:00:57Z","timestamp":1439211657000},"page":"138-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cognitive Tools for Design Engineers: A Framework for the Development of Intelligent CAD Systems"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Institute of Technology, 150W. University Blvd, Melbourne, Florida, 32901"}]},{"given":"Gisela Susanne","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Institute of Technology, 150W. University Blvd, Melbourne, Florida, 32901"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz, Stra\u00dfe der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518060282779_j_icom-2015-0028_ref_001","unstructured":"Adelson B. and E. Soloway. 1984. A cognitive model of software design. Rep. No. 342, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, Storrs, Connecticut."},{"key":"2025120518060282779_j_icom-2015-0028_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arkes, H. and C. Blumer. 1985. The psychology of sunk cost. Organ. Behav. Hum. Dec. Process. 35: 124\u2013140.","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(85)90049-4"},{"key":"2025120518060282779_j_icom-2015-0028_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahr, G.\u2009S., B. Wheeler Atkinson, M.\u2009M. Walwanis Nelson and E. Stewart. 2006. A participatory evaluation method of graphic user interface storyboards: FAST AIDE (Function Annotated Storyboards Targeting Applicability, Importance, Design, Elaborations). In: (C. Stephanidis and M. Pieper, eds) Universal Access in Ambient Environments, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 261\u2013273.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71025-7_17"},{"key":"2025120518060282779_j_icom-2015-0028_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahr, G.\u2009S., C. Balaban, M. Milanova and H. Choe. 2007. Nonverbally smart user interfaces: postural and facial expression data in human computer interaction. In: (C. Stephanidis, ed) Universal access in HCI, Part II, HCII 2007, LNCS 4555, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 740\u2013749.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73281-5_81"},{"key":"2025120518060282779_j_icom-2015-0028_ref_005","unstructured":"Bahr, G.\u2009S. 2014. Of Human Memory and Databases: Ardemia. The Relational Data Model and Management System as a Set Theory Based Modeling Architecture for Human Long Term Memory. Retrieved from Proquest Dissertations & Theses. (Publication number AAC 3648513)."},{"key":"2025120518060282779_j_icom-2015-0028_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahr, G.\u2009S. and R. Ford. 2011. Why pop-ups don\u2019t work and how to make them effective: pop-up prompted eye movements, user affect and decision making. Comput. Human Behav. 27: 776\u2013783.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.10.030"},{"key":"2025120518060282779_j_icom-2015-0028_ref_007","unstructured":"Bahr, G.\u2009S. and S. Wood. 2015. TimeGlue for cognitive schema extraction and big data reduction. Human Memory-Inspired Multimedia Organization and Preservation Workshop. In: Proc. ICME, in press."},{"key":"2025120518060282779_j_icom-2015-0028_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahr, G.\u2009S. and S. 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