{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T19:18:35Z","timestamp":1764962315108,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The historic Robinson House of Virginia\u2019s Manassas Battlefield National Park survived the Civil War, but was destroyed in 1993 by an act of possible incendiarism. This research investigates how an augmented reality (AR) application for mobile devices could aid in virtually re-erecting history, such as the Robinson House, and thus provide educational, accessible, user-friendly apps for use at heritage sites. Initial results from this research show that AR-based experiences can be developed for heritage sites from customizable open source platforms accessible to historians and archaeologists. The prototype of the AR-based Manassas Battlefield National Park Experience highlights several opportunities for cross-disciplinary research between anthropology, geoinformation science and human-computer interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/icom-2017-0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T17:16:56Z","timestamp":1512148616000},"page":"215-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Robinson House in the AR-Based Manassas Battlefield National Park Experience"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alisa","family":"Pettitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"172822 George Mason University College of Science , Fairfax , United States"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Fuhrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"172822 George Mason University College of Science , Fairfax , United States"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_001","unstructured":"Adams, Shae. \u201cCultural Distortion: The Dedication of the Thomas \u201cStonewall\u201d Jackson Monument at Manassas National Battlefield Park.\u201d The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era 2, no. 3 (2011). Available at: http:\/\/cupola.gettysburg.edu\/gcjcwe\/vol2\/iss1\/3."},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_002","unstructured":"Barnard, George. \u201cBull Run, Virginia. Robinson\u2019s House.\u201d Image. From Library of Congress. Last accessed January 15, 2017. https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/cwp2003005138\/PP\/."},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eve, Stuart. \u201cAugmenting Phenomenology: Using Augmented Reality to Aid Archaeological Phenomenology in the Landscape.\u201d Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 19, no. 4 (December 2012): 582\u2013600.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10816-012-9142-7"},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eve, Stuart. Dead Men\u2019s Eyes: Embodied GIS, Mixed Reality, and Landscape Archaeology. BAR British Series 600. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2014.","DOI":"10.30861\/9781407312910"},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez Fern\u00e1ndez-Palacios, B., Nex, F., Rizzi, A., and Remondino, F. \u201cARCube \u2013 The Augmented Reality Cube for Archaeology.\u201d Archaeometry, 57 (2015): 250\u2013262.","DOI":"10.1111\/arcm.12120"},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_006","unstructured":"Kreiser Jr, Lawrence A., and Randal Allred. The Civil War in Popular Culture: Memory and Meaning. University Press of Kentucky, 2013."},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, Erika, Mia Parsons, and Paul Shackel. \u201cCommemorating a Rural African-American Family at a National Battlefield Park.\u201d International Journal of Historical Archaeology 1, no. 2 (1997): 157\u2013177.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027359923226"},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_008","unstructured":"National Park Service (NPS). \u201cWar for Freedom: African American Experiences in the Era of the Civil War.\u201d Last accessed October 12, 2016. https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mana\/learn\/education\/war-for-freedom.htm."},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_009","unstructured":"National Park Service (NPS). \u201cBaptism by Fire.\u201d Last accessed October 12, 2016. https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mana\/learn\/education\/baptisimbyfire.htm."},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_010","unstructured":"National Park Service (NPS). \u201cEducational Standards.\u201d Last accessed October 12, 2015. https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/mana\/learn\/education\/upload\/SOL%20Standards%20page.pdf."},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papagiannakis, George, Sebastien Schertenleib, Brian O\u2019Kennedy, Marlene Arevalo-Poizat, Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Andrew Stoddart, and Daniel Thalmann. \u201cMixing Virtual and Real Scenes in the Site of Ancient Pompeii.\u201d Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 16, no. 1 (2005): 11\u201324.","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.53"},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_012","unstructured":"Parsons, Mia, Erika Martin, Stephen Potter, James Burgess. \u201cArchaeological Investigations of the Robinson House, Site 44PW288: A Free African-American Domestic Site Occupied from the 1840s to 1936. Manuscript on File, Manassas National Battlefield.,\u201d n.d."},{"key":"2025120518190027704_j_icom-2017-0029_ref_013","unstructured":"Smith, Ned. The 22nd Maine Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War: A History and Roster. 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