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However, the relative impact of movement-based implicit communication and explicit communication with the aid of eHMIs on pedestrians has not been studied and empirically evaluated. In this study, we pit messages from an eHMI against different driving behaviors of an AV that yields to a pedestrian to understand whether pedestrians tend to pay more attention to the motion dynamics of the car or the eHMI in making road-crossing decisions. Our contributions are twofold: we investigate (1) whether the presence of eHMIs has any objective effect on pedestrians\u2019 understanding of the vehicle\u2019s intent, and (2) how the movement dynamics of the vehicle affect the perception of the vehicle intent and interact with the impact of an eHMI. Results show that (1) eHMIs help in convincing pedestrians of the vehicle\u2019s yielding intention, particularly when the speed of the vehicle is slow enough to not be an obvious threat, but still fast enough to raise a doubt about a vehicle\u2019s stopping intention, and (2) pedestrians do not blindly trust the eHMI: when the eHMI message and the vehicle\u2019s movement pattern contradict, pedestrians fall back to movement-based cues. Our results imply that when explicit communication (eHMI) and implicit communication (motion-dynamics and kinematics) are in alignment and work in tandem, communication of the AV\u2019s yielding intention can be facilitated most effectively. This insight can be useful in designing the optimal interaction between AVs and pedestrians from a user-centered design perspective when driver-centric communication is not available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/itit-2020-0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T08:11:53Z","timestamp":1605600713000},"page":"123-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Communicating the intention of an automated vehicle to pedestrians: The contributions of eHMI and vehicle behavior"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9266-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debargha","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology , Groene Loper 3 , Eindhoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrii","family":"Matviienko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Darmstadt , Hochschulstra\u00dfe 10 , Darmstadt , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology , Groene Loper 3 , Eindhoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Pfleging","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology , Groene Loper 3 , Eindhoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology , Groene Loper 3 , Eindhoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Terken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eindhoven University of Technology , Groene Loper 3 , Eindhoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033120480703297_j_itit-2020-0025_ref_001_w2aab3b7d151b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. 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