{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:58:04Z","timestamp":1775800684904,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020473","name":"Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIIM 1 LPDP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIIM 1 LPDP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020473","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019588","name":"Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Desentralisasi Program of Atma Jaya Catholic Unive"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Desentralisasi Program of Atma Jaya Catholic Unive"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019588","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron variants, and XBB sub-variants, contributes to the number of coronavirus cases worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive RNA virus with a genome of 29.9\u202fkb that encodes four structural proteins: spike glycoprotein (S), envelope glycoprotein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), and nucleocapsid glycoprotein (N). These proteins are vital for viral activity, with the S protein facilitating attachment and membrane fusion through the receptor-binding domain (RBD) located in the S1 subunit. The RBD recognizes and binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) protein. An immunoinformatic-aided design of a peptide-based multiepitope vaccine candidate targeting the RBD glycoprotein is constructed from the SARS-CoV-2 sequence data base from various regions of Indonesia (Jakarta, West Java, and Bali). The results show that the RBD region of with accession ID EPI_ISL_15982641 from West Java had the highest antigenicity of 0.5904. This isolate is non-toxic and non-allergenic and shows a total of 18 LBL epitopes, 72 CTL epitopes, and 98 HTL epitopes. The epitope that has the best overall binding affinity was GCHNKCAY for MHC-I and GGCVFSYVGCHNKCAYWV for MHC-II which show a binding affinity of \u221213.6 and \u221215.5 (kcal\/mol), respectively. Therefore, this study aims to design an epitope vaccine candidate based on samples from Indonesia that has good characteristics and may have the potential to stimulate an immune response against SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jib-2024-0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T03:40:37Z","timestamp":1736739637000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunoinformatics-guided design of a multiepitope peptide vaccine targeting the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: insights from Indonesian samples"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7555-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irvan","family":"Faizal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency-Republic of Indonesia , Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong , Tangerang Selatan 15314 , Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology , Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia , BSD Campus , Tangerang 15345 , Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Darrian","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology , Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia , BSD Campus , Tangerang 15345 , Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9915-6739","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Tarwadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency-Republic of Indonesia , Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong , Tangerang Selatan 15314 , Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabar","family":"Pambudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency-Republic of Indonesia , Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong , Tangerang Selatan 15314 , Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0912-6913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astutiati","family":"Nurhasanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency-Republic of Indonesia , Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong , Tangerang Selatan 15314 , Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6576-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rizky","family":"Priambodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology , Universitas Negeri Jakarta , Jl. Rawamangun Muka , Rawamangun Jakarta Timur 13220 , Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1627-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung 40133 , Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Universitas Padjadjaran , Jatinangor 45363 , Indonesia"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041005053825006_j_jib-2024-0025_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Has\u00f6ks\u00fcz, M, Kili\u00e7, S, Sara\u00e7, F. Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. Turk J Med Sci 2020;50:549\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-2004-127.","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2004-127"},{"key":"2026041005053825006_j_jib-2024-0025_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y, Yang, C, Xu, X-f., Xu, W, Liu, S-W. 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