{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T23:40:55Z","timestamp":1764978055245,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476403200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The importance of intelligent tutoring systems has rapidly increased in past decades. There has been an exponential growth in the number of ends users that can be addressed as well as in technological development of the environments, which makes it more sophisticated and easily implementable. In the introduction, the paper offers a brief overview of intelligent tutoring systems. It then focuses on two types that have been designed for education of students in the tertiary sector. The systems use elements of adaptivity in order to accommodate as many users as possible. They serve both as a support of presence lessons and, primarily, as the main educational environment for students in the distance form of studies \u2013 e-learning. The systems are described from the point of view of their functionalities and typical features that show their differences. The authors conclude with an attempt to choose the best features of each system, which would lead to creation of an even more sophisticated intelligent tutoring system for e-learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jisys-2015-0144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T06:02:21Z","timestamp":1476424941000},"page":"717-727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intelligent Tutoring Systems"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Brad\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Computers , University of Ostrava , 30 dubna 22 , Ostrava , Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"Kostol\u00e1nyov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Technologies , University of Ostrava , Fr\u00e1ni \u0160r\u00e1mka 3 , Ostrava , Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_001_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Beaumont, User modelling in the interactive anatomy tutoring system ANATOM-TUTOR, in: User Models and User Adapted Interaction, pp. 21\u201345, Springer, Netherlands, 1994, Available from: http:\/\/wwwis.win.tue.nl\/ah94\/Beaumont.html, Accessed 15 May, 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01142356"},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_002_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b2Aa","unstructured":"E. Bos and J. van de Plassche, A knowledge-based, English verb-form tutor, J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 5 (1994), 107\u2013129."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_003_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b3Aa","unstructured":"V. Brad\u00e1\u010d, Adaptive model to support decision-making in language e-learning, in: International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies \u2013 Proceedings, 5th ed., Barcelona, pp. 4036\u20134045, 2013, ISBN: 978-84-616-3822-2."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_004_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b4Aa","unstructured":"V. Brad\u00e1\u010d, Enhancing assessment of students\u2019 knowledge using fuzzy logic in E-learning, in: 10th International Scientific Conference on Distance Learning in Applied Informatics, pp. 251\u2013262, Wolters Kluwer, \u0160t\u016frovo, 2014."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_005_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b5Aa","unstructured":"V. Brad\u00e1\u010d and C. Klime\u0161, Language E-learning based on adaptive decision-making system, in: Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on e-Learning, pp. 48\u201358, Reading, ACPI, 2013, ISBN 978-1-909507-84-5."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_006_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Brusilovsky, Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia, User Model. User Adapt. Interact.6 (1996), 87\u2013129.10.1007\/BF00143964","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00143964"},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_007_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Brusilovsky, Adaptive navigation support, in: P. Brusilovsky, A. Kobsa and W. Neidl, eds., The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4321, pp. 263\u2013290, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-72079-9_8"},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_008_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Brusilovsky and E. Mill\u00e1n, User models for adaptive hypermedia and adaptive educational systems, in: The Adaptive Web, LNCS, vol. 4321, pp. 3\u201353, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-72078-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-72079-9_1"},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_009_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7b9Aa","unstructured":"P. De Bra, Aha! design [online], 2003, Available from: http:\/\/aha.win.tue.nl:18080\/aha\/Get\/ahadesign\/?concept=ahadesign.adaptivepresentation, Accessed 20 April, 2015."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_010_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Fum, O. Giagrandi and C. Tasso, The use of explanation-based learning for modeling student behavior in foreign language tutoring, in: Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Foreign Language Learning, vol. 80, pp. 151\u2013170, Verlag, Berlin, 1992, ISBN: 978-3-642-77204-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77202-3_10"},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_011_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c11Aa","unstructured":"H. Habiballa, V. Nov\u00e1k, A. Dvo\u0159\u00e1k and V. Pavliska, Using software package LFLC 2000, in: 2nd International Conference Aplimat 2003, Bratislava, pp. 355\u2013358, 2003."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_012_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c12Aa","unstructured":"C. Klime\u0161, Model of adaptation under indeterminacy, Kybernetika47 (2011), 355\u2013368."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_013_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c13Aa","unstructured":"K. Kostol\u00e1nyov\u00e1, J. \u0160armanov\u00e1 and O. Tak\u00e1cs, Learning, in: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on e-Learning, pp. 107\u2013107, Academic Publishing Limited, Porto, 2010, ISBN 978-1-906638-83-2."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_014_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Murphy and M. McTear, Learner modelling for intelligent CALL, in: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on User Modeling, pp. 301\u2013312, Springer, Vienna, 1997.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-2670-7_31"},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_015_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c15Aa","unstructured":"A. Paramythis and S. Loidl-Reisinger, Adaptive learning environments and e-Learning standards, In: ECEL, Linz: Academic Conferences and Publishing International, pp. 181\u2013194, Sonning Common, England, 2003."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_016_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c16Aa","unstructured":"M. Pokorn\u00fd, Expertn\u00ed Syst\u00e9my, Edi\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edisko CIT OU, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 2004."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_017_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c17Aa","unstructured":"O. Tak\u00e1cs, K. Kostol\u00e1nyov\u00e1 and J. \u0160armanov\u00e1, Experimental verification of learning styles in e-Learning, in: Efficiency and Responsibility in Education 2011, pp. 302\u2013311, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 2011."},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_018_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Virvou, Web Passive Voice Tutor: an intelligent computer assisted language learning system over the WWW, in: IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pp. 131\u2013134, Madison, WI, 2001, ISBN: 0-7695-1013-2.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2001.943878"},{"key":"2025120523365025656_j_jisys-2015-0144_ref_019_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab1b7c19Aa","unstructured":"E. Wenger, Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems, MorganKaufmann Publ., Los Altos, CA, 1978."}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/jisys\/26\/4\/article-p717.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jisys-2015-0144\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jisys-2015-0144\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T23:37:28Z","timestamp":1764977848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jisys-2015-0144\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jisys-2015-0144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jisys-2015-0144","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-026X","0334-1860"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2191-026X"},{"type":"print","value":"0334-1860"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]}}}