{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:19:47Z","timestamp":1765232387730,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473897600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Due to the ever-increasing number of digital lecture libraries and lecture video portals, the challenge of retrieving lecture videos has become a very significant and demanding task in recent years. Accordingly, the literature presents different techniques for video retrieval by considering video contents as well as signal data. Here, we propose a lecture video retrieval system using multimodal features and probability extended nearest neighbor (PENN) classification. There are two modalities utilized for feature extraction. One is textual information, which is determined from the lecture video using optical character recognition. The second modality utilized to preserve video content is local vector pattern. These two modal features are extracted, and the retrieval of videos is performed using the proposed PENN classifier, which is the extension of the extended nearest neighbor classifier, by considering the different weightages for the first-level and second-level neighbors. The performance of the proposed video retrieval is evaluated using precision, recall, and\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    -measure, which are computed by matching the retrieved videos and the manually classified videos. From the experimentation, we proved that the average precision of the proposed PENN+VQ is 78.3%, which is higher than that of the existing methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jisys-2016-0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T09:18:19Z","timestamp":1473931099000},"page":"585-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multimodal Features and Probability Extended Nearest Neighbor Classification for Content-Based Lecture Video Retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sanjay B.","family":"Waykar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vel-Tech Dr.RR & Dr.SR Technical University , Chennai , India"}]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"Bharathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vel-Tech Dr.RR & Dr.SR Technical University , Chennai , India"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_001_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Che, H. Yang and C. Meinel, Lecture video segmentation by automatically analyzing the synchronized slides, in: Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 345\u2013348, ACM, 2013.","DOI":"10.1145\/2502081.2508115"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_002_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Chen, M. Cooper, D. Joshi and B. Girod, Multi-modal language models for lecture video retrieval, in: Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 1081\u20131084, 2014.","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2654964"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_003_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Cooper, Presentation video retrieval using automatically recovered slide and spoken text, in: Proceedings of SPIE, Multimedia Content and Mobile Devices, 2013.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2008433"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_004_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. C. Fan and T. Y. Hung, A novel local pattern descriptor-local vector pattern in high-order derivative space for face recognition, IEEE Trans. Image Process.23 (2014), 2877\u20132891.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2321495"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_005_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Han, X. Ji, X. Hu, J. Han and T. Liu, Clustering and retrieval of video shots based on natural stimulus fMRI, Neurocomputing144 (2014), 128\u2013137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2013.11.052"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_006_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Kofler, M. Larson and A. Hanjalic, Intent-aware video search result optimization, IEEE Trans. Multimedia16 (2014), 1421\u20131433.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2014.2315777"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_007_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. H. Lai and C. K. Yang, Video object retrieval by trajectory and appearance, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.25 (2015), 1026\u20131037.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2014.2358022"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_008_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. C. Lin, M. C. Yang, C. Y. Tsai and Y. C. F. Wang, Query-adaptive multiple instance learning for video instance retrieval, IEEE Trans. Image Process.24 (2015), 1330\u20131340.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2403236"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_009_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. V. Patel and B. B. Meshram, Content based video retrieval systems, Int. J. UbiComp(IJU) 3 (2012), 13\u201330.","DOI":"10.5121\/iju.2012.3202"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_010_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Smith, An overview of the Tesseract OCR engine, in: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition(ICDAR), vol. 2, pp. 629\u2013633, 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2007.4376991"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_011_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Smith, Hybrid page layout analysis via tab-stop detection, in: Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2009.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.257"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_012_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Smith, D. Antonova and D. Lee, Adapting the Tesseract open source OCR engine for multilingual OCR, in: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multilingual OCR, 2009.","DOI":"10.1145\/1577802.1577804"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_013_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Tang and H. He, ENN: extended nearest neighbor method for pattern recognition, Comput. Intell. Mag. IEEE10 (2015), 52\u201360.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2015.2437512"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_014_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Wu, V. Kumar, J. R. Quinlan, J. Ghosh, Q. Yang, H. Motoda, G. J. McLachlan, A. Ng, B. Liu, P. S. Yu, Z.-H. Zhou, M. Steinbach, D. J. Hand and D. Steinberg, Top 10 algorithms in data mining, Knowl. Inform. Syst.14 (2007), 1\u201337.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-007-0114-2"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_015_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Yadav, Case retrieval algorithm using similarity measure and adaptive fractional brain storm optimization for health informaticians, Arab. J. Sci. Eng.41 (2016), 829\u2013840.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-015-1928-y"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_016_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Yang and C. Meinel, Content based lecture video retrieval using speech and video text information, IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol.7 (2014), 142\u2013154.","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2014.2307305"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_017_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Yang, H. Sack and C. Meinel, Lecture video indexing and analysis using video OCR technology, in: Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Signal-Image Technology and Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), pp. 54\u201361, 2011.","DOI":"10.1109\/SITIS.2011.20"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_018_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Yang, M. Siebert, P. L\u00fchne, H. Sack and C. Meinel, Automatic lecture video indexing using video OCR technology, in: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia(ISM), pp. 111\u2013116, 2011.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISM.2011.26"},{"key":"2025120523272190960_j_jisys-2016-0041_ref_019_w2aab3b7d414b1b6b1ab2ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Yang, F. Gr\u00fcnewald, M. Bauer and C. Meinel, Lecture video browsing using multimodal information resources, in: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Advances in Web-Based Learning, vol. 8167, pp. 204\u2013213, 2013.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41175-5_21"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/jisys\/26\/3\/article-p585.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jisys-2016-0041\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jisys-2016-0041\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T23:28:16Z","timestamp":1764977296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/jisys-2016-0041\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/jisys-2016-0041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jisys-2016-0041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-026X","0334-1860"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2191-026X"},{"type":"print","value":"0334-1860"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]]}}}