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In EOO, each bird (solution) in the population acts as a search agent. The EO changes the candidate mussel according to the best solutions to finally eat the best mussel (optimal result). A balance must be achieved among the size, calories, and energy of mussels. The proposed algorithm is benchmarked on 58 test functions of three phases (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-diminution multimodal) and compared with several important algorithms as follows: particle swarm optimiser, grey wolf optimiser, biogeography based optimisation, gravitational search algorithm, and artificial bee colony. Finally, the results of the test functions prove that the proposed algorithm is able to provide very competitive results in terms of improved exploration and exploitation balances and local optima avoidance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jisys-2022-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T17:33:41Z","timestamp":1646501621000},"page":"332-344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Eurasian oystercatcher optimiser: New meta-heuristic algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Salim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Middle Technical University , Baghdad , Iraq"}]},{"given":"Wisam K.","family":"Jummar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Anbar , Anbar , Iraq"}]},{"given":"Farah Maath","family":"Jasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Anbar , Anbar , Iraq"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Youth & Sport , Anbar , Iraq"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120523411419522_j_jisys-2022-0017_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain K, Salleh MNM, Cheng S, Shi Y. 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