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Fog computing (FC) emerges as a promising solution to mitigate latency issues by bringing computational resources closer to edge devices. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of latency optimization approaches within the H-IoT, framed within the context of FC. The study focuses on architectural enhancements, data communication methods, resource management strategies, and load distribution techniques aimed at reducing latency. Additionally, it evaluates existing challenges related to energy efficiency and trade-offs, security considerations, and scalability potential. Based on an analysis of recent advancements in the field, this study outlines potential development trends and future research directions for building adaptive, fast, and secure H-IoT systems. The study reaffirms the pivotal role of FC in shaping the future of healthcare services, particularly those with stringent low-latency requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/jisys-2024-0543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T16:57:16Z","timestamp":1755017836000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Latency optimization approaches for healthcare Internet of Things and fog computing: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zahraa A.","family":"Jaaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional , Selangor 59200 , Malaysia"},{"name":"Computer Department-College of Science - Al Nahrain University , Jadriya , Baghdad 10072 , Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Ezanee Bin Rusli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional , Selangor 59200 , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Azzammudin","family":"Rahmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional , Selangor 59200 , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maythem Kamal Abbas","family":"Al-Adilee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation (APU) , Kuala Lumpur 57000 , Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122009032284625_j_jisys-2024-0543_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rani M, Guleria K, Panda SN. 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