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Numerical examples and Monte Carlo simulations are considered to show the efficiency and the adaptation of the algorithms for the proposed model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/mcma-2024-2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T16:28:05Z","timestamp":1714235285000},"page":"93-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Likelihood and decoding problems for mixed space hidden Markov model"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9731-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafssa","family":"Kroumbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics , University of Cadi-Ayyad , Marrakesh , Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7530-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Nasroallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics , University of Cadi-Ayyad , Marrakesh , Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052809495394763_j_mcma-2024-2005_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. 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