{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T21:40:11Z","timestamp":1732743611777,"version":"3.29.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Nowadays, Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is becoming the most widely explored technique in clinical practice for tumor assessment. In acquiring DCE-MRI, a contrast agent (CA), also called tracer, is injected into the blood flow before or during the acquisition of a time series of <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_mcma-2024-2018_ineq_9999\">\n                     <jats:alternatives>\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                           <m:msub>\n                              <m:mi>T<\/m:mi>\n                              <m:mn>1<\/m:mn>\n                           <\/m:msub>\n                        <\/m:math>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/j_mcma-2024-2018_eq_0061.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>{T_{1}}<\/jats:tex-math>\n                     <\/jats:alternatives>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>-weighted images with fast imaging techniques. When the CA goes through the tissue, MR signal intensity measurements in voxels of the region of interest (ROI) are registered and used to calculate the CA concentration in each voxel. The Tofts models have become standard for the analysis of DCE-MRI and which express tissue CA concentration <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_mcma-2024-2018_ineq_9998\">\n                     <jats:alternatives>\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                           <m:mrow>\n                              <m:mi>C<\/m:mi>\n                              <m:mo>\u2062<\/m:mo>\n                              <m:mrow>\n                                 <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/m:mo>\n                                 <m:mi>t<\/m:mi>\n                                 <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/m:mo>\n                              <\/m:mrow>\n                           <\/m:mrow>\n                        <\/m:math>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/j_mcma-2024-2018_eq_0041.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>{C(t)}<\/jats:tex-math>\n                     <\/jats:alternatives>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> as function of time <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>. The analysis of quantitative parameters in DCE-MRI provides the quantitative criterion as a reference rather than relying only on the shape of the DCE-curve, as it is used for diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study aim to provide a new thinking in quantitative analysis which may therefore improve diagnostic accuracy for detection of prostate cancer and could be used in patient baseline prediction and guide management. A hierarchical Bayesian model was built to estimate the values of the four pharmacokinetic parameters (<jats:inline-formula id=\"j_mcma-2024-2018_ineq_9997\">\n                     <jats:alternatives>\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                           <m:msub>\n                              <m:mi>K<\/m:mi>\n                              <m:mi>trans<\/m:mi>\n                           <\/m:msub>\n                        <\/m:math>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/j_mcma-2024-2018_eq_0047.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>{K_{\\mathrm{trans}}}<\/jats:tex-math>\n                     <\/jats:alternatives>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_mcma-2024-2018_ineq_9996\">\n                     <jats:alternatives>\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                           <m:msub>\n                              <m:mi>k<\/m:mi>\n                              <m:mi>ep<\/m:mi>\n                           <\/m:msub>\n                        <\/m:math>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/j_mcma-2024-2018_eq_0105.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>{k_{\\mathrm{ep}}}<\/jats:tex-math>\n                     <\/jats:alternatives>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_mcma-2024-2018_ineq_9995\">\n                     <jats:alternatives>\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                           <m:msub>\n                              <m:mi>\u03c5<\/m:mi>\n                              <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">p<\/m:mi>\n                           <\/m:msub>\n                        <\/m:math>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/j_mcma-2024-2018_eq_0093.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>{\\upsilon_{\\mathrm{p}}}<\/jats:tex-math>\n                     <\/jats:alternatives>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_mcma-2024-2018_ineq_9994\">\n                     <jats:alternatives>\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                           <m:msub>\n                              <m:mi>\u03c5<\/m:mi>\n                              <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">e<\/m:mi>\n                           <\/m:msub>\n                        <\/m:math>\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/j_mcma-2024-2018_eq_0092.png\"\/>\n                        <jats:tex-math>{\\upsilon_{\\mathrm{e}}}<\/jats:tex-math>\n                     <\/jats:alternatives>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) for both prostate healthy and lesion tissues in the peripheral zone. This estimation is important because it help to understand the behavior of the CA in the body and how this latter reacts to the CA in order to emphasize the expectation or the absence of prostate lesion during the diagnosis step.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/mcma-2024-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T16:40:42Z","timestamp":1727800842000},"page":"437-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimating pharmacokinetic parameters from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced <i>T<\/i>\n                  <sub>1<\/sub>-weighted MRI using a three level hierarchical Bayesian model"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Kahina","family":"Bouchebbah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bejaia University , Faculty of Exact Sciences , Department of Operational Research , Bejaia 06000 , Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Zougab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bejaia University , Faculty of Technology , Department of Electrical Engineering ; and Bejaia University, Faculty of Technology, LaMOS Laboratory , Bejaia 06000 , Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. J. W. L.  Aerts, N. A. W.  van Riel and W. H.  Backes,\nSystem identification theory in pharmacokinetic modeling of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI: Influence of contrast injection,\nMagn. Reson. Med. 59 (2008), 1111\u20131119.","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21575"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.  Armitage, C.  Behrenbruch, M.  Brady and N.  Moore,\nExtracting and visualizing physiological parameters using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the breast,\nMed. Image. Anal. 9 (2005), no. 4, 315\u2013329.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2005.01.001"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. P.  Aryal, T. N.  Nagaraja, K. A.  Keenan, H.  Bagher-Ebadian, S.  Panda, S. L.  Brown, G.  Cabral, J. D.  Fenstermacher and J. R.  Ewing,\nDynamic contrast enhanced MRI parameters and tumor cellularity in a rat model of cerebral glioma at 7 T,\nMagn. Reson. Med. 71 (2014), 2206\u20132214.","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24873"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.  Barrett, A. B.  Gill, M. Y.  Kataoka, A. N.  Priest, I.  Joubert, M. A.  McLean, M. J.  Graves, S.  Stearn, D. J.  Lomas, J. R.  Griffiths, D.  Neal, V. J.  Gnanapragasam and E.  Sala,\nDCE and DW MRI in monitoring response to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer: A feasibility study,\nMagn. Reson. Med. 67 (2012), no. 3, 778\u2013785.","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23062"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_005","unstructured":"J. E.  Bennett, A.  Racine-Poon and J. C.  Wakefield,\nMCMC for nonlinear hierarchical models,\nMarkov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice,\nChapman and Hall, London (1996), 337\u2013339."},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. M.  Berman, A. M.  Brown, S. D.  Chang, S.  Sankineni, M.  Kadakia, B. J.  Wood, P. A.  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Hahn,\nOptimal cut-off value of perfusion parameters for diagnosing prostate cancer and for assessing aggressiveness associated with Gleason score,\nClinical Imag. 39 (2015), 834\u2013840.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2015.04.020"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. A.  Cuenod and D.  Balvay,\nImagerie de la perfusion tissulaire et de la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9,\nJ. Radiol. Diagn. Interv. 94 (2013), 1184\u20131202.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jradio.2013.08.011"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. H.  El Beltagi, A. H.  Elsotouhy, A. M.  Own, W.  Abdelfattah, K.  Nair and S.  Vattoth,\nFunctional magnetic resonance imaging of head and neck cancer: Performance and potential,\nNeuroradiology 32 (2019), 36\u201352.","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400918808546"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.  Fabijanska,\nA novel approach for quantification of time-intensity curves in a DCE-MRI image series with an application to prostate cancer,\nComput. Biol. Med. 73 (2016), 119\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2016.04.010"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.  Fornasa,\nDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: What makes water run fast or slow?,\nJ. Clinical Imag. Sci. 1 (2011), no. 2, 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.81294"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. E.  Gelfand and A. F. M.  Smith,\nSampling-based approaches to calculating marginal densities,\nJ. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 85 (1990), 398\u2013409.","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1990.10476213"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.  Gelman, J. B.  Carlin, H. S.  Stern, D. B.  Dunson, A.  Vehtari and D. B.  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Weisskoff,\nEstimating kinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced T(1)-weighted MRI of a diffusable tracer: Standardized quantities and symbols,\nJ. Magn. Reson. Imag. 10 (1999), 223\u2013232.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<223::AID-JMRI2>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.  Verma, B.  Turkbey, N.  Muradyan, A.  Rajesh, F.  Cornud, M. A.  Haider, P. L.  Choyke and M.  Harisinghani,\nOverview of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI in prostate cancer diagnosis and management,\nAJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 198 (2012), 1277\u20131288.","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.8510"},{"key":"2024112721095506572_j_mcma-2024-2018_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. C.  Wakefield,\nThe Bayesian analysis of population pharmacokinetic models,\nJ. Amer. Statist. 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