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The results show that Warlpiri stops are realised as voiceless, long-lag stops word-initially, as well as word-medially, where \/p t k\/ are also characterised by CDs in excess of 100\u00a0ms. This is similar to what has been reported for Kriol, and for the emerging mixed language Light Warlpiri, also spoken in the community, and by some of the participants. The results indicate that Warlpiri does not obligatorily make a word-medial distinction between stops orthographically represented by \u2018rt\u2019 and \u2018rd\u2019, which have previously been argued to be realised as \/\u0288\/ and \/\u027d\/, respectively, at least in some varieties of Warlpiri. Finally, the results also suggest that the realisation of word-initial Warlpiri flap \/\u027d\/ is highly variable, potentially resulting in a near-merger with \/\u027b\/.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/phon-2021-2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T03:16:01Z","timestamp":1618542961000},"page":"113-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Voice onset time and constriction duration in Warlpiri stops (Australia)"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Rikke L.","family":"Bundgaard-Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University , Greater Western Sydney , Australia"},{"name":"University of Newcastle , Callaghan , Australia"}]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"O\u2019Shannessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040101495862023_j_phon-2021-2001_ref_001_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","unstructured":"Baker, Brett. 2008. 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