{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:56:54Z","timestamp":1773280614481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study examines the relationship between the two grammars of bilingual speakers, the linguistic ecologies in which the L1 and L2 become active, and how these topics can be explored in a bilingual community undergoing L1 attrition. Our experiment focused on the production of intervocalic phonemic voiced stops for L1-Afrikaans\/L2-Spanish bilinguals in Patagonia, Argentina. While these phonemes undergo systematic intervocalic lenition in Spanish (e.g., \/b d \u0261\/\u00a0&gt;\u00a0[\u03b2 \u00f0 \u0263]), they do not in Afrikaans (e.g., \/b d\/\u00a0&gt;\u00a0[b d]). The bilingual participants in our study produced target Afrikaans and Spanish words in unilingual and code-switched speaking contexts. The results show that: (i)\u00a0the participants produce separate phonetic categories in Spanish and Afrikaans; (ii) code-switching affects the production of the target sounds asymmetrically, such that L1 Afrikaans influences the production of L2 Spanish sounds but not vice versa; and (iii) this L1-to-L2 influence remains robust despite the instability of the L1 itself. Altogether, our findings speak to the persistence of a bilingual\u2019s L1 phonological grammar despite cross-generational L1 attrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/phon-2021-2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T23:55:01Z","timestamp":1624492501000},"page":"201-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring language dominance through code-switching: intervocalic voiced stop\u00a0lenition in Afrikaans\u2013Spanish bilinguals"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA"}]},{"given":"Andries W.","family":"Coetzee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA"},{"name":"North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa"},{"name":"University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , South Africa"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Amaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA"}]},{"given":"Micha","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040102041966331_j_phon-2021-2005_ref_001_w2aab3b7c21b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amengual, Mark. 2017. 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