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However, it is unknown whether lateral bracing makes adjustments to external perturbation like other body postures. The present study aims to test the robustness of lateral tongue bracing with three experiments. The first baseline experiment was an analysis of an electropalatogram database and the results showed lateral bracing being continuously maintained. The second experiment applied an external perturbation during speech production. A bite block was held between participants\u2019 teeth while intra-oral video was used to record contact between the sides of the tongue and upper molars during speech. The results indicated that lateral bracing was maintained most of the time during speech. The third experiment included simulations investigating the activation of tongue muscles relevant to lateral bracing at different degrees of jaw opening. The results show that bracing requires higher activation of bracing agonists and lower activation of bracing antagonists as jaw opening increases. Our results suggest that lateral tongue bracing is actively maintained and robust under external perturbation and further indicate it serves as an essential lingual posture during speech production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/phon-2022-0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T09:18:13Z","timestamp":1679995093000},"page":"523-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Robustness of lateral tongue bracing under bite block perturbation"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-6783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"\u0141uszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Linguistics and Literature, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University , Lublin , Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Language Science , University of California , Irvine , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arian","family":"Shamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Gick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada"},{"name":"Haskins Laboratories , New Haven , CT , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040104253271840_j_phon-2022-0001_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, Peter, Sidney Fels, Ian Stavness, William G. 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