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Using real-time MRI (rtMRI) speech production data from Hausa non-pulmonic and pulmonic consonants, this study illuminates speech timing between oral constriction and vertical larynx actions within segments and the role this intergestural timing plays in realizing phonological contrasts and processes in varying prosodic contexts. Results suggest that vertical larynx actions have greater magnitude in the production of ejectives compared to their pulmonic counterparts, but implosives and pulmonic consonants are differentiated not by vertical larynx magnitude but by the intergestural timing patterns between their oral and vertical larynx gestures. Moreover, intergestural timing stability\/variability between oral and non-oral (vertical larynx) actions differ among ejectives, implosives, and pulmonic consonants, with ejectives having the most stable temporal lags, followed by implosives and pulmonic consonants, respectively. Lastly, the findings show how contrastive linguistic \u2018molecules\u2019\u00a0\u2013 here, segment-sized phonological complexes with multiple gestures\u00a0\u2013 interact with phrasal context in speech in such a way that it variably shapes temporal organization between participating gestures as well as respecting stability in relative timing between such gestures comprising a segment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/phon-2023-0052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T22:36:57Z","timestamp":1729550217000},"page":"559-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vertical larynx actions and intergestural timing stability in Hausa ejectives and implosives"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-9820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miran","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , 118557 University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA"}]},{"given":"Dani","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , 118557 University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , 118557 University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA"}]},{"given":"Shrikanth S.","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics , 118557 University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , 118557 University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080703570746633_j_phon-2023-0052_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, Marti J. 2006. 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