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In both area, surgicalworkspace is limited and the required precision is high. For this reason, increasing levels of robotic autonomy can make a significant difference there, and ethically justified control sharing between humans and robots must be introduced. In particular, from a responsibility and accountability perspective suitable policies for theMeaningfulHuman Control (MHC) of increasingly autonomous surgical robots are proposed. It is highlighted how MHC should be modulated in accordance with various levels of autonomy for MIS and Microsurgery robots. Moreover, finer MHC distinctions are introduced to deal with contextual conditions concerning e.g. soft or rigid anatomical environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T04:04:46Z","timestamp":1545192286000},"page":"30-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Autonomy in surgical robots and its meaningful human control"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fanny","family":"Ficuciello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio, Naples , Italy"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Tamburrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio, Naples , Italy"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Arezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences University of Torino, Corso Achille Mario Dogliotti, Torino , Italy"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio, Naples , Italy"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Siciliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio, Naples , Italy"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024060509325626436_j_pjbr-2019-0002_ref_001_w2aab3b7b2b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","unstructured":"[1] N. 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