{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T06:05:27Z","timestamp":1783490727260,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Visual Perspective Taking (VPT) is the ability to see the world from another person\u2019s perspective, taking into account what they see and how they see it, drawing upon both spatial and social information. Children with autism often find it difficult to understand that other people might have perspectives, viewpoints, beliefs and knowledge that are different from their own, which is a fundamental aspect of VPT. In this research we aimed to develop a methodology to assist children with autism develop their VPT skills using a humanoid robot and present results from our first long-term pilot study. The games we devised were implemented with the Kaspar robot and, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to improve the VPT skills of children with autism through playing and interacting with a humanoid robot.We describe in detail the standard pre- and post-assessments that we performed with the children in order to measure their progress and also the inclusion criteria derived fromthe results for future studies in this field. Our findings suggest that some children may benefit from this approach of learning about VPT, which shows that this approach merits further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T20:21:32Z","timestamp":1553718092000},"page":"167-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Developing a protocol and experimental setup for using a humanoid robot to assist children with autism to develop visual perspective taking skills"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luke Jai","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Lakatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dag Sverre","family":"Syrdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Zaraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Dautenhahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_001_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] L. Wing, The Autistic Spectrum: A Guide for Parents and Professionals, 199610.1136\/bmj.312.7027.327","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7027.327"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_002_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab2Aa","unstructured":"[2] S. Baron-Cohen, C. Gillberg, Mind blindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1995, 37(12), 1124\u2013112410.7551\/mitpress\/4635.001.0001"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_003_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab3Aa","unstructured":"[3] K. Dautenhahn, Robots as social actors: Aurora and the case of autism, In: Proceedings of the CT99, The Third International Cognitive Technology Conference, August, San Francisco, 1999, 359, 374"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_004_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab4Aa","unstructured":"[4] I. Werry, K. Dautenhahn, Applying mobile robot technology to the rehabilitation of autistic children, In: Proceedings of the SIRS99, 7th Symposium on Intelligent Robotic Systems, 1999"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_005_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[5] S. Boucenna, A. Narzisi, E. Tilmont, F. Muratori, G. Pioggia, D. Cohen, et al., Interactive technologies for autistic children: A review, Cognitive Computation, 2014, 6(4), 722\u201374010.1007\/s12559-014-9276-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-014-9276-x"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_006_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[6] J. J. Diehl, L. M. Schmitt, M. Villano, C. R. Crowell, The clinical use of robots for individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A critical review, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2012, 6(1), 249\u201326210.1016\/j.rasd.2011.05.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.05.006"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_007_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] P. Pennisi, A. Tonacci, G. Tartarisco, L. Billeci, L. Ruta, S. Gangemi, et al., Autism and social robotics: A systematic review, Autism Research, 2016, 9(2), 165\u201318310.1002\/aur.1527","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1527"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_008_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[8] S. Baron-Cohen, A. M. Leslie, U. Frith, Does the autistic child have a \u201ctheory of mind\u201d?, Cognition, 1985, 21(1), 37\u20134610.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_009_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] F. G. Happ\u00e9, Understanding minds and metaphors: Insights from the study of figurative language in autism, Metaphor and Symbol, 1995, 10(4), 275\u201329510.1207\/s15327868ms1004_3","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327868ms1004_3"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_010_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] S. Baron-Cohen, T. Jolliffe, C. Mortimore, M. Robertson, Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1997, 38(7), 813\u201382210.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_011_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[11] U. Frith, Mind blindness and the brain in autism, Neuron, 2001, 32(6), 969\u201397910.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00552-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00552-9"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_012_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] A. Senju, Spontaneous theory of mind and its absence in autism spectrum disorders, The Neuroscientist, 2012, 18(2), 108\u201311310.1177\/1073858410397208379672921609942","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410397208"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_013_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] A. Senju, V. Southgate, S. White, U. Frith, Mindblind eyes: an absence of spontaneous theory of mind in Asperger syndrome, Science, 2009, 325(5942), 883\u201388510.1126\/science.117617019608858","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176170"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_014_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac14Aa","unstructured":"[14] J. H. Flavell, The development of knowledge about visual perception, In: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, University of Nebraska Press, 1977"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_015_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] J. M. Zacks, J. M. Vettel, P. Michelon, Imagined viewer and object rotations dissociated with event-related FMRI, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2003, 15(7), 1002\u2013101810.1162\/08989290377000739914614811","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903770007399"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_016_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[16] K. Kessler, L. A. Thomson, The embodied nature of spatial perspective taking: embodied transformation versus sensorimotor interference, Cognition, 2010, 114(1), 72\u20138810.1016\/j.cognition.2009.08.01519782971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.08.015"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_017_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac17Aa","unstructured":"[17] K. Kessler, H. Wang, Differently embodied transformations in visuo-spatial perspective taking, Cognitive Processing, 2012, 13, S21\u2013S22"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_018_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] M. Aichhorn, J. Perner, M. Kronbichler, W. Staffen, G. Ladurner, Do visual perspective tasks need theory of mind?, Neuroimage, 2006, 30(3), 1059\u2013106810.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.02616337813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.026"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_019_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] A. Hamilton, R. Brindley, U. Frith, Visual perspective taking impairment in children with autistic spectrumdisorder, Cognition, 2009, 113(1), 37\u20134410.1016\/j.cognition.2009.07.00719682673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.07.007"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_020_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[20] A. M. Leslie, Pretense and representation: The origins of \u201ctheory of mind\u201d, Psychological Review, 1987, 94(4), 41210.1037\/0033-295X.94.4.412","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-295X.94.4.412"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_021_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[21] T. Reed, C. Peterson, A comparative study of autistic subjects\u2019 performance at two levels of visual and cognitive perspective taking, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1990, 20(4), 555\u201356710.1007\/BF022160602279973","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02216060"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_022_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[22] J. Tan, P. L. Harris, Autistic children understand seeing andwanting, Development and Psychopathology, 1991, 3(2), 163\u201317410.1017\/S0954579400005216","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400005216"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_023_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] N. Yirmiya, M. Sigman, D. Zacks, Perceptual perspective-taking and seriation abilities in high-functioning children with autism, Development and Psychopathology, 1994, 6(2), 263\u201327210.1017\/S0954579400004570","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004570"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_024_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[24] A. Pearson, D. Ropar, A. F. de C. Hamilton, A review of visual perspective taking in autism spectrumdisorder, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013, 7, Article 65210.3389\/fnhum.2013.00652379236724115930","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00652"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_025_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[25] S. M. Anzalone, E. Tilmont, S. Boucenna, J. Xavier, A.-L. Jouen, N. Bodeau, et al., How children with autism spectrum disorder behave and explore the 4-dimensional (spatial 3d+ time) environment during a joint attention induction task with a robot, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2014, 8(7), 814\u201382610.1016\/j.rasd.2014.03.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.03.002"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_026_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[26] Z. E. Warren, Z. Zheng, A. R. Swanson, E. Bekele, L. Zhang, J. A. Crittendon, et al., Can robotic interaction improve joint attention skills?, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015, 45(11), 3726\u2013373410.1007\/s10803-013-1918-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1918-4"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_027_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac27Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[27] P. Warreyn, H. Roeyers, T. Oelbrandt, I. De Groote, What are you looking at? joint attention and visual perspective taking in young children with autism spectrumdisorder, Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 2005, 17(1), 55\u20137310.1007\/s10882-005-2201-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-005-2201-1"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_028_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac28Aa","unstructured":"[28] P. Marti, A. Pollini, A. Rullo, T. Shibata, Engaging with artificial pets, In: Proceedings of the 2005 Annual Conference on European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics, University of Athens, 2005, 99\u2013106"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_029_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac29Aa","unstructured":"[29] K. Wada, T. Shibata, Robot therapy in a care house \u2013 its sociopsychological and physiological effects on the residents, In: Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, ICRA 2006, IEEE, 2006, 3966\u20133971"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_030_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac30Aa","unstructured":"[30] W. D. Stiehl, J. Lieberman, C. Breazeal, L. Basel, L. Lalla, M. Wolf, Design of a therapeutic robotic companion for relational, affective touch, In: IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, ROMAN 2005, IEEE, 2005, 408\u2013415"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_031_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac31Aa","unstructured":"[31] H. Kozima, C. Nakagawa, Y. Yasuda, Children-robot interaction: a pilot study in autism therapy, Progress in Brain Research, 2007, 164, 385\u201340010.1016\/S0079-6123(07)64021-7"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_032_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[32] P. Chevalier, J.-C. Martin, B. Isableu, C. Bazile, A. Tapus, Impact of sensory preferences of individuals with autism on the recognition of emotions expressed by two robots, an avatar, and a human, Autonomous Robots, 2017, 41(3), 613\u201363510.1007\/s10514-016-9575-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-016-9575-z"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_033_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac33Aa","unstructured":"[33] P. Chevalier, B. Isableu, J.-C. Martin, A. Tapus, Individuals with autism: Analysis of the first interaction with Nao robot based on their proprioceptive and kinematic profiles, In: Advances in Robot Design and Intelligent Control, Springer, 2016, 225\u201323310.1007\/978-3-319-21290-6_23"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_034_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[34] A. Tapus, A. Peca, A. Aly, C. Pop, L. Jisa, S. Pintea, et al., Children with autism social engagement in interaction with Nao, an imitative robot: A series of single case experiments, Interaction Studies, 2012, 13(3), 315\u201334710.1075\/is.13.3.01tap","DOI":"10.1075\/is.13.3.01tap"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_035_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[35] K. Dautenhahn, A. Billard, Games children with autism can play with robota, a humanoid robotic doll, In: Universal Access and Assistive Technology, Springer, 2002, 179\u201319010.1007\/978-1-4471-3719-1_18","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3719-1_18"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_036_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac36Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[36] A. Billard, B. Robins, J. Nadel, K. Dautenhahn, Building robota, a mini-humanoid robot for the rehabilitation of children with autism, Assistive Technology, 2007, 19(1), 37\u20134910.1080\/10400435.2007.1013186417461289","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2007.10131864"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_037_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac37Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[37] B. Robins, K. Dautenhahn, J. Dubowski, Does appearance matter in the interaction of children with autism with a humanoid robot?, Interaction Studies, 2006, 7(3), 479\u201351210.1075\/is.7.3.16rob","DOI":"10.1075\/is.7.3.16rob"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_038_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac38Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[38] B. Robins, K. Dautenhahn, P. Dickerson, From isolation to communication: a case study evaluation of robot assisted play for children with autism with a minimally expressive humanoid robot, In: Second International Conference on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions (ACHI\u201909), IEEE, 2009, 205\u201321110.1109\/ACHI.2009.32","DOI":"10.1109\/ACHI.2009.32"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_039_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac39Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[39] F. Sartorato, L. Przybylowski, D. K. Sarko, Improving therapeutic outcomes in autism spectrum disorders: Enhancing social communication and sensory processing through the use of interactive robots, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2017, 90, 1\u20131110.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.02.00428213292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.02.004"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_040_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac40Aa","unstructured":"[40] P. Chevalier, B. Isableu, J.-C. Martin, A. Tapus, Individuals with autism: Analysis of the first interaction with Nao robot based on their proprioceptive and kinematic profiles, In: Advances in Robot Design and Intelligent Control, Springer, 2016, 225\u201323310.1007\/978-3-319-21290-6_23"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_041_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac41Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[41] B. Scassellati, H. Admoni, M. Mataric, Robots for use in autism research, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 2012, 14, 275\u201329410.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-15003622577778","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-150036"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_042_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac42Aa","unstructured":"[42] AuRoRA Project, http:\/\/www.aurora-project.com\/, 2018"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_043_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac43Aa","unstructured":"[43] IROMEC Project, http:\/\/www.iromec.org\/, 2018"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_044_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac44Aa","unstructured":"[44] S. Leekam, Why do children with autism have a joint attention impairment?, In: N. Eilan, C. Hoerl, T. McCormack, J. Roessler (Eds.), Joint Attention: Communication and Other Minds: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology, Consciousness and Self-Consciousness, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, 205\u201322910.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199245635.003.0010"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_045_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac45Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[45] J. Wainer, K. Dautenhahn, B. Robins, F. Amirabdollahian, A pilot study with a novel setup for collaborative play of the humanoid robot Kaspar with children with autism, International Journal of Social Robotics, 2014, 6(1), 45\u20136510.1007\/s12369-013-0195-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-013-0195-x"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_046_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac46Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[46] J. H. Flavell, B. A. Everett, K. Croft, E. R. Flavell, Young children\u2019s knowledge about visual perception: Further evidence for the level 1\u2013level 2 distinction, Developmental Psychology, 1981, 17(1), 9910.1037\/0012-1649.17.1.99","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0012-1649.17.1.99"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_047_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac47Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[47] H. Moll, M. Tomasello, 12-and 18-month-old infants follow gaze to spaces behind barriers, Developmental Science, 2004, 7(1), F1\u2013F910.1111\/j.1467-7687.2004.00315.x15323111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2004.00315.x"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_048_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac48Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[48] H. Moll, M. Tomasello, Level 1 perspective-taking at 24 months of age, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2006, 24(3), 603\u201361310.1348\/026151005X55370","DOI":"10.1348\/026151005X55370"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_049_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac49Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[49] H. Moll, M. Carpenter, M. Tomasello, Fourteenmonth-olds know what others experience only in joint engagement, Developmental Science, 2007, 10(6), 826\u201383510.1111\/j.1467-7687.2007.00615.x17973799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2007.00615.x"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_050_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac50Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[50] S. M. Gzesh, C. F. Surber, Visual perspective-taking skills in children, Child Development, 1985, 1204\u2013121310.2307\/1130235","DOI":"10.2307\/1130235"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_051_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac51Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[51] K. Dautenhahn, C. L. Nehaniv, M. L. Walters, B. Robins, H. Kose-Bagci, N. A. Mirza, et al., Kaspar \u2013 a minimally expressive humanoid robot for human-robot interaction research, Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2009, 6(3-4), 369\u201339710.1155\/2009\/708594","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/708594"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_052_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac52Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[52] B. Robins, K. Dautenhahn, Tactile interactions with a humanoid robot: novel play scenario implementations with children with autism, International Journal of Social Robotics, 2014, 6(3), 397\u201341510.1007\/s12369-014-0228-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-014-0228-0"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_053_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac53Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[53] S. Costa, H. Lehmann, K. Dautenhahn, B. Robins, F. Soares, Using a humanoid robot to elicit body awareness and appropriate physical interaction in children with autism, International Journal of Social Robotics, 2015, 7(2), 265\u201327810.1007\/s12369-014-0250-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-014-0250-2"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_054_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac54Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[54] B. Robins, K. Dautenhahn, L. Wood, A. Zaraki, Developing interaction scenarios with a humanoid robot to encourage visual perspective taking skills in children with autism\u2013preliminary proof of concept tests, In: International Conference on Social Robotics, Springer, 2017, 147\u201315510.1007\/978-3-319-70022-9_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70022-9_15"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_055_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac55Aa","unstructured":"[55] L. J. Wood, A. Zaraki, M. L. Walters, O. Novanda, B. Robins, K. Dautenhahn, The iterative development of the humanoid robot Kaspar: An assistive robot for children with autism, In: International Conference on Social Robotics, Springer, 2017, 53\u20136310.1007\/978-3-319-70022-9_6"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_056_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac56Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[56] L. Wood, K. Dautenhahn, B. Robins, A. Zaraki, Developing childrobot interaction scenarios with a humanoid robot to assist children with autism in developing visual perspective taking skills, In: 2017 26th IEEE International Symposiumon Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN \u201817), IEEE, 2017, 1055\u2013106010.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172434","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172434"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_057_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac57Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[57] G.-J. Hogrefe, H. Wimmer, J. Perner, Ignorance versus false belief: A developmental lag in attribution of epistemic states, Child development, 1986, 567\u201358210.2307\/1130337","DOI":"10.2307\/1130337"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_058_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac58Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[58] S. Baron-Cohen, R. Campbell, A. Karmiloff-Smith, J. Grant, J. Walker, Are children with autism blind to the mentalistic significance of the eyes?,\u201d British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1995, 13(4), 379\u201339810.1111\/j.2044-835X.1995.tb00687.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.1995.tb00687.x"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_059_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac59Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[59] C. Lord, S. Risi, L. Lambrecht, E. H. Cook, B. L. Leventhal, P. C. DiLavore, et al., The autism diagnostic observation schedule \u2013 generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2000, 30(3), 205\u201322310.1023\/A:1005592401947","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005592401947"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_060_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac60Aa","unstructured":"[60] G. H. Roid, L. J. Miller, M. Pomplun, C. Koch, Leiter international performance scale (Leiter-3), Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services, 2013"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_061_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac61Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[61] G. H. Roid, C. Koch, Leiter-3: Nonverbal cognitive and neuropsychological assessment, In: Handbook of Nonverbal Assessment, Springer, 2017, 127\u201315010.1007\/978-3-319-50604-3_8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-50604-3_8"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_062_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac62Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[62] S. M. Kanne, J. K. Randolph, J. E. Farmer, Diagnostic and assessment findings: A bridge to academic planning for children with autism spectrum disorders, Neuropsychology Review, 2008, 18(4), 367\u201338410.1007\/s11065-008-9072-z18855144","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-008-9072-z"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_063_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac63Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[63] A. Zaraki, L. Wood, B. Robins, K. Dautenhahn, Development of a semi-autonomous robotic system to assist children with autism in developing visual perspective taking skills, In: 2018 27th IEEE International Symposiumon Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) \u201818, IEEE, 2018, 969\u201397610.1109\/ROMAN.2018.8525681","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2018.8525681"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_064_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac64Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[64] S. Boucenna, S. Anzalone, E. Tilmont, D. Cohen, M. Chetouani, Learning of social signatures through imitation game between a robot and a human partner, IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development, 2014, 6(3), 213\u201322510.1109\/TAMD.2014.2319861","DOI":"10.1109\/TAMD.2014.2319861"},{"key":"2024060509325627103_j_pjbr-2019-0013_ref_065_w2aab3b7c13b1b6b1ab1ac65Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[65] S. Boucenna, D. Cohen, A. N. Meltzoff, P. Gaussier, M. Chetouani, Robots learn to recognize individuals from imitative encounters with people and avatars, Scientific reports, 2016, 6, 1990810.1038\/srep19908474110326844862","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19908"}],"container-title":["Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/pjbr\/10\/1\/article-p167.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0013\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0013\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T14:43:56Z","timestamp":1717598636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0013\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pjbr-2019-0013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2081-4836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2081-4836","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}}}