{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T12:42:15Z","timestamp":1760445735238,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the framework of an urban garden art and design environment, this research examines the integration of virtual reality (VR) technology with a 3D model built using a fuzzy mathematical model. The goal is to provide a cutting-edge, immersive experience that enables people to engage with and explore the subtleties of a distinctive urban garden setting by fusing creative components with outdoor areas. Our proposed, advanced genetic algorithm-based fuzzy logic mathematical model effectively addressed the challenges in urban gardens by providing innovative design solutions that optimized space, efficiently managed resources, and fostered community engagement, ensuring produce safety, health, and the vitality of the garden. Raw data were collected, and then the data were involved in the pre-processed used min-max normalization. Next feature extracts the data using principal component analysis. The research findings should be presented, together with information on how well VR technology and a fuzzy mathematical model worked to produce the intended aesthetic results. It also describes how the research can be used for VR, urban garden design, and art. The findings demonstrate that VR technology gives designers actual impacts of information processing via complete presentation, intelligent drawing, and timely information, which significantly boosts design productivity and successfully encourages design quality and fitness rate accuracy. Additionally, two benchmark datasets were used for comparison, and our proposed method achieved an accuracy of 98.8%. The research expands the possibilities for artistic expression and strengthens the connection between people and urban green areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/pjbr-2025-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T12:04:05Z","timestamp":1760443445000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applications of virtual reality technology on a 3D model based on a fuzzy mathematical model in an urban garden art and design setting"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Sui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fine Arts, Weifang University , Weifang , Shandong, 261061 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fine Arts, Weifang University , Weifang , Shandong, 261061 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Naceri, D. Mazzanti, J. Bimbo, Y. T. Tefera, D. Prattichizzo, D. G. Caldwell, et al., \u201cThe vicarios virtual reality interface for remote robotic teleoperation: teleporting for intuitive tele-manipulation,\u201d J. Intell. Rob. Syst., vol. 101, pp. 1\u201316, 2021. 10.1007\/s10846-021-01311-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-021-01311-7"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Xu, \u201cPerformance of VR technology in environmental art design based on multisensor information fusion under computer vision,\u201d Mob. Inf. Syst., vol. 2022, pp. 1\u201310, 2022. 10.1155\/2022\/3494535.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3494535"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Zhang and Y. Deng, \u201cArtificial intelligence based garden landscape design system and 3D visualization technology,\u201d Comput. Des. Appl., vol. 21, pp. 63\u201376, 2024. 10.14733\/cadaps.2024.S3.63-76.","DOI":"10.14733\/cadaps.2024.S3.63-76"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Wang, \u201cDesign of commercial building complex based on 3D landscape interaction,\u201d Sci. Program., vol. 2022, pp. 1\u20138, 2022. 10.1155\/2022\/7664803.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7664803"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Xu and C. Wei, \u201cModularized information fusion design of urban garden landscape in big data background,\u201d Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2022, , pp. 1\u201310, 2022. 10.1155\/2022\/5377872.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5377872"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Xu and F. Xu, \u201cBuilding material and spiritual civilization in Sicheng,\u201d Women migrant workers in china\u2019s economic reform, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, pp. 102\u2013128. 10.1057\/9780333978092_4.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780333978092_4"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Hu and C. Zhang, \u201cCultural expression of 3D modeling in virtual reality landscape design and mutual aesthetics,\u201d Comput. Des. Appl., vol. 22, pp. 87\u2013100, 2025. 10.14733\/cadaps.2025.S2.87-100.","DOI":"10.14733\/cadaps.2025.S2.87-100"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Lin, J. Song, M. An, and Z. Li, \u201cThe application of computer augmented reality technology to landscape design,\u201d Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 243, pp. 187\u2013196, 2024. 10.1016\/j.procs.2024.09.025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.09.025"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Luo, Y. Ju, E. D. S. Gonzalez, P. Dong, and A. Wang, \u201cThe waste-to-energy incineration plant site selection based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic Best-Worst method ANP and double parameters TOPSIS approach: A case study in China,\u201d Energy, vol. 211, p. 118564, 2020. 10.1016\/j.energy.2020.118564.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.118564"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Pei, \u201cGreen urban garden landscape design and user experience based on virtual reality technology and embedded network,\u201d Environ. Technol. Innov., vol. 24, p. 101738, 2021. 10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101738.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101738"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Luo, \u201cOnline design of green urban garden landscape based on machine learning and computer simulation technology,\u201d Environ. Technol. Innov., vol. 24, p. 101819, 2021. 10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101819.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.101819"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. LeeL, M. J. Kim, and W. J. Hwang, \u201cPotential of augmented reality and virtual reality technologies to promote wellbeing in older adults,\u201d Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 17, p. 3556, 2019. 10.3390\/app9173556.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9173556"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Aldegheishem, N. Alrajeh, L. Garc\u00eda, and LloretJ, \u201cSWAP: smart WAter protocol for the irrigation of urban gardens in smart cities,\u201d IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 39239\u201339247, 2022. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3165579.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3165579"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Shan and W. Sun, \u201cResearch on landscape design system based on 3D virtual reality and image processing technology,\u201d Ecol. Inform., vol. 63, p. 101287, 2021. 10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2021.101287.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2021.101287"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Fan, N. Zhang, D. Wang, G. Wu, L. Angulo-Cabanillas, and K. Kaur, \u201cSimulation of pear tree growth geometry based on CAD 3D modeling and visualization technology,\u201d Comput. Des. Appl., vol. 20, no. S3, pp. 56\u201371, 2023. 10.14733\/cadaps.2023.S3.56-71.","DOI":"10.14733\/cadaps.2023.S3.56-71"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Zhao, \u201cUrban ecological landscape visualization system based on sign detection algorithm,\u201d Optik, vol. 22, p. 170482, 2022. 10.1016\/j.ijleo.2022.170482.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2022.170482"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Leyva-Vallina, N. Strisciuglio, and N. Petkov, \u201cPlace recognition in gardens by learning visual representations: data set and benchmark analysis,\u201d In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns: 18th International Conference, CAIP 2019, Salerno, Italy, September 3\u20135, 2019, Proceedings, Part I 18, Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 324\u2013335. 10.1007\/978-3-030-29888-3_26.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29888-3_26"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Shen and C. Yu, \u201cThe virtual-real measurement of Chinese garden impression: A quantitative analysis of cognitive experience of Jiangnan gardens with virtual reality experiments,\u201d Front. Archit. Res., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 895\u2013911, 2024. 10.1016\/j.foar.2024.02.007.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foar.2024.02.007"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. E. Permanasari, S. Fauziati, B. M. A. F. Darmawan, I. Langit, M. L. Hakim, I. Hidayah, et al., \u201cDevelopment of mobile butterfly application-based augmented reality as an alternative learning medium during post COVID-19,\u201d In 2022 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Intelligent System (ICE3IS), IEEE, 2022, pp. 125\u2013129. 10.1109\/ICE3IS56585.2022.10010151.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICE3IS56585.2022.10010151"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. G. Kim, C. Oertel, M. Dobricki, J. K. Olsen, A. E. Coppi, A. Cattaneo, et al., \u201cUsing immersive virtual reality to support designing skills in vocational education,\u201d Br. J. Educ. Technol., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 2199\u20132213, 2020. 10.1111\/bjet.13026.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13026"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Li, \u201cApplication of virtual reality and artificial intelligence technology in landscape planning,\u201d In 2024 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics, IoT and Industrial Informatics (ICMIII), IEEE, 2024, pp. 739\u2013743. 10.1109\/ICMIII62623.2024.00144.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMIII62623.2024.00144"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Li, \u201cImportance of water ecological environment protection in urban landscape design,\u201d Mob. Inf. Syst., vol. 2022, pp. 1\u201319, 2022. 10.1155\/2022\/3767051.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3767051"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Gong and J. Li, \u201cApplication of computer 3D modeling technology in modern garden ecological landscape simulation design,\u201d Secur. Commun. Netw., vol. 2022, pp. 1\u201310, 2022. 10.1155\/2022\/7646452.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7646452"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Zhu and S. Xie, \u201cSimulation methods realized by virtual reality modeling language for 3D animation considering fuzzy model recognition,\u201d PeerJ Comput. Sci., vol. 10, p. e2354, 2024. 10.7717\/peerj-cs.2354.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.2354"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Xie, Y. Hong, and Y. Fang, \u201cVirtual reality primary school mathematics teaching system based on GIS data fusion,\u201d Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., vol. 2022, no. 1, p. 7766617, 2022. 10.1155\/2022\/7766617.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7766617"},{"key":"2025101411561218900_j_pjbr-2025-0010_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Zhou and Z. Dai, \u201cGreen urban garden landscape simulation platform based on high-resolution image recognition technology and GIS.\u201d Microprocess. Microsyst., vol. 82, p. 103893, 2021. 10.1016\/j.micpro.2021.103893.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2021.103893"}],"container-title":["Paladyn"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/pjbr-2025-0010\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/pjbr-2025-0010\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T12:04:15Z","timestamp":1760443455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/pjbr-2025-0010\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/pjbr-2025-0010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pjbr-2025-0010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2081-4836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2081-4836","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"article-number":"20250010"}}