{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T03:50:57Z","timestamp":1769313057453,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium Advisory Board","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>People increasingly have their genomes sequenced and some of them share their genomic data online. They do so for various purposes, including to find relatives and to help advance genomic research. An individual\u2019s genome carries very sensitive, private information such as its owner\u2019s susceptibility to diseases, which could be used for discrimination. Therefore, genomic databases are often anonymized. However, an individual\u2019s genotype is also linked to visible phenotypic traits, such as eye or hair color, which can be used to re-identify users in anonymized public genomic databases, thus raising severe privacy issues. For instance, an adversary can identify a target\u2019s genome using known her phenotypic traits and subsequently infer her susceptibility to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In this paper, we quantify, based on various phenotypic traits, the extent of this threat in several scenarios by implementing de-anonymization attacks on a genomic database of OpenSNP users sequenced by 23andMe. Our experimental results show that the proportion of correct matches reaches 23% with a supervised approach in a database of 50 participants. Our approach outperforms the baseline by a factor of four, in terms of the proportion of correct matches, in most scenarios. We also evaluate the adversary\u2019s ability to predict individuals\u2019 predisposition to Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and we observe that the inference error can be halved compared to the baseline. We also analyze the effect of the number of known phenotypic traits on the success rate of the attack. As progress is made in genomic research, especially for genotype-phenotype associations, the threat presented in this paper will become more serious.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2015-0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T17:02:48Z","timestamp":1435165368000},"page":"99-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["De-anonymizing Genomic Databases Using Phenotypic Traits"],"prefix":"10.56553","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Mathias","family":"Humbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Huguenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Hugonot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Erman","family":"Ayday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University, Ankara, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Hubaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"35752","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]]},"container-title":["Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/popets\/2015\/2\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sciendo.com\/article\/10.1515\/popets-2015-0020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T16:29:08Z","timestamp":1658334548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/petsymposium.org\/popets\/2015\/popets-2015-0020.php"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/popets-2015-0020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/popets-2015-0020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2299-0984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2299-0984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}}}