{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:09:25Z","timestamp":1773288565319,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>is an obligate intracellular parasite with worldwide distribution. Virulence ofT<\/jats:italic>.gondii<\/jats:italic>is a multigenic trait. Genetic and virulence data forT<\/jats:italic>.gondii<\/jats:italic>isolates from humans and animals in China have been reported. However, almost all biological materials used for genotyping ofT<\/jats:italic>.gondii<\/jats:italic>from humans and pigs were DNA samples prepared from tissues, andT. gondii<\/jats:italic>strains used for virulence analysis were isolated mainly from cats. In this study, one isolate from a dead human fetus was identified as type I (ToxoDB #10) while the two isolates from dead pigs were type Chinese I (ToxoDB #9) with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism using 10 markers (SAG1<\/jats:italic>,SAG2<\/jats:italic>,SAG3<\/jats:italic>,BTUB<\/jats:italic>,GRA6<\/jats:italic>,c22<\/jats:italic>\u20138<\/jats:italic>,c29<\/jats:italic>\u20132<\/jats:italic>,L358<\/jats:italic>,PK1<\/jats:italic>and Apico). Three isolates were comfirmed as virulent strains in mice. By cloning and sequences analysis, all isolates contained aPvu<\/jats:italic>II restriction site (572\u2013577 bp) in the KHB fragment and five tandem repeats in the 5\u2032 UTR region ofSAG1<\/jats:italic>, which were associated withT<\/jats:italic>.gondii<\/jats:italic>virulence. The type Chinese I isolates contained two deletions of 15 and 3 bp at positions 635 to 649 and 658 to 660 in theGRA6<\/jats:italic>, which were correlated with genotype, but not with virulence. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic analysis of murine virulence of type Chinese I strain from pigs, and the associations of sequences of the KHB fragment andSAG1<\/jats:italic>with virulence of type Chinese I strain. The Chinese I genotype was more closely related to type II strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2018-0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,14]],"date-time":"2018-04-14T22:16:02Z","timestamp":1523744162000},"page":"397-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Genotyping and virulence analysis of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from a dead human fetus and dead pigs in Jiangsu province, Eastern 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