{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:08:28Z","timestamp":1787022508671,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Trematode genus\n                    <jats:italic>Diplostomum<\/jats:italic>\n                    comprises of parasitic species which cause diplostomiasis, the \u2018white eye\u2019 disease in fish and heavy infection can result in mortality. The increasing availability of DNA sequences of accurately identified\n                    <jats:italic>Diplostomum<\/jats:italic>\n                    species on public data base presently enables the rapid identification of species from novel sequences. We report the first molecular evidence of the occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudospathaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the United Kingdom. Two gene regions, nuclear internal transcribed spacer cluster (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>\n                    1) of cercariae from infected aquatic snails,\n                    <jats:italic>Lymnaea stagnalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected in several locations in Southern England were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on both sequenced genes revealed that the novel sequences were\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudospathaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Molecular diversity analysis of published\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudospathaceum cox<\/jats:italic>\n                    1 sequences from seven countries in Europe and the novel sequences from the present study revealed high diversity, but low nucleotide divergence and a lack of gene differentiation between the populations. Haplotype network analysis depicted a star-like pattern and revealed a lack of geographic structure in the population. Fixation indices confirmed gene flow between populations and we suspect high levels of dispersal facilitated by highly mobile second intermediate (fish) and definitive (piscivorous birds) host may be driving gene flow between populations. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution indicated recent population growth\/expansion for\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pseudospathaceum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Europe.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2018-0054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T13:17:51Z","timestamp":1531401471000},"page":"444-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["First molecular identification of an agent of diplostomiasis, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Niewiadomska 1984) in the United Kingdom and its genetic relationship with populations in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Egie Elisha","family":"Enabulele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes Ogheneruemu","family":"Awharitoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott P.","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth S.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1266\/jjg.68.567","article-title":"Statistical analysis of DNA polymorphism","volume":"68","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02634.x","article-title":"Development of primers for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene in digenetic trematodes (Platyhelminthes) illustrates the challenge of barcoding parasitic helminths","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Resources"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0502-x","article-title":"Molecular and morphological evidence for three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae), parasites of fishes and fish-eating birds in Spain","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite and Vectors"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.08.013","article-title":"Is the population genetic structure of complex life cycle parasites determined by the geographic range of the most motile host?","volume":"10","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infections Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02634.x","article-title":"Development of primers for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene in digenetic trematodes (Platyhelminthes) illustrates the challenge of barcoding parasitic helminths","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology Resources"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02185515","article-title":"Present status of Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) and differentiation of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum nom. nov. 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