{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T23:27:35Z","timestamp":1775258855845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of cyst production by\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .)\n                    <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , RH strain, in Wistar rat and BALB\/c mouse and the purpose of this study was to introduce an animal model suitable for congenital, cerebral, and ocular toxoplasmosis. The mice and rats, considered as cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis models, were intraperitoneally infected by different number of the parasite and their eyes and brain were evaluated for the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    cyst using the microscopic examination and the bioassay method. Moreover, the pregnant mice and rats, considered as congenital toxoplasmosis models, were intraperitoneally infected by different number of the parasite and their infants were examined by the method mentioned above. The best result for the cerebral toxoplasmosis model was observed in the rats infected with the 10\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    parasites, so that all infants (100%) were infected with the parasite when examined using the bioassay method. Furthermore, the best result was observed for the congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis model with 100% infection rate in the infants born to mothers infected with the 10\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    parasites. Overall, just few the ocular samples were positive using bioassay method. The best result in the current study was for the congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis model where the pregnant rats were infected with the 10\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    parasites and all infants were infected (100%). Therefore, these infants can be used as a congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis model when they are in the fetal stage, and can be used as a cerebral toxoplasmosis model one month after birth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2018-0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,27]],"date-time":"2018-10-27T05:05:05Z","timestamp":1540616705000},"page":"808-813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating of Wistar rat and BALB\/c mouse as animal models for congenital, cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Sharif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roghiyeh","family":"Faridnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahabeddin","family":"Sarvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirzad","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Kalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Daryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0902-6","article-title":"Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.267","article-title":"Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts","volume":"11","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.1.360-363.1993","article-title":"Rat model of congenital toxoplasmosis: rate of transmission of three Toxoplasma gondii strains to fetuses and protective effect of a chronic infection","volume":"61","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2015.00045","article-title":"Experimental models of ocular infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.9.3301-3302.1991","article-title":"Rat model of congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"59","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"367","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo potential of RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii (Type I) in tissue cyst forming","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1999061063","article-title":"Experimental congenital toxoplasmosis in Wistar and Holtzman rats","volume":"6","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"175","article-title":"Transmission of toxoplasmosis via milk from lactating mice","volume":"92","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica. 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Hepatology from Bed to Bench"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(14)60087-0","article-title":"Tissue tropism and parasite burden of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in experimentally infected mice","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1999061063","article-title":"Experimental congenital toxoplasmosis in Wistar and Holtzman rats","volume":"6","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"367","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo potential of RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii (Type I) in tissue cyst forming","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"104","article-title":"Comparison of eight cell-free media for maintenance of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites","volume":"11","year":"2016a","journal-title":"Iranian 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