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In tissue studies fibrinolytic activity has been found in the gingival pocket epithelium in humans and in animal studies. tPA and PAI-2 have been detected there immunohistochemically. Local production of the PAs and PAIs has been verified with in situ hybridization. In inflammation, a more intense and widespread immunohistochemical staining of tPA and PAI-2 is seen. Higher concentrations of tPA and PAI-2 are found in GCF but the balance between them seems to be constant. A systemically disturbed balance of the plasminogen activating system in GCF has been observed during pregnancy, with a possible protective function of PAI-2. In studies of periodontitis, the production of PAI-2 seemed to be locally lowered at impaired sites. In a study of children, a higher inflammatory response to bacterial plaque was accompanied by a higher fibrinolytic ativity in GCF samples. Bacterial LPS has been found to change the ratio of tPA to PAI-2 in cultured gingival fibroblasts. Interactions between PAI-2 and a protease in the gingival epithelium has been verified through the immunohistochemical detection of relaxed PAI-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/bc.2002.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,20]],"date-time":"2004-10-20T14:23:33Z","timestamp":1098282213000},"page":"85-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The Plasminogen Activating System in Periodontal Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"383","author":[{"given":"Bertil","family":"Kinnby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050497"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-9499(95)80008-5"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(92)90082-J"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1993.tb02113.x"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(95)80116-2"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016355909011230"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(95)00049-U"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.2.412","volume":"137","author":"Chapman H.A.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. 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