{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:55:58Z","timestamp":1791399358231,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Ngo<\/jats:italic>) is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium responsible for an array of diseases ranging from urethritis to disseminated gonococcal infections. Early events in the establishment of infection involve interactions between<jats:italic>Ngo<\/jats:italic>and the mucosal epithelium, which induce a local inflammatory response. Here we analyzed the molecular mechanism involved in the<jats:italic>Ngo<\/jats:italic>-induced induction of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8. We identified the immediate early response transcription factor nuclear factor \u03baB (NF-\u03baB) as a key molecule for the induction of cytokine release.<jats:italic>Ngo<\/jats:italic>-induced activation of direct upstream signaling molecules was demonstrated for I\u03baB kinase \u03b1 and \u03b2 (IKK\u03b1 and IKK\u03b2) by phosphorylation of I\u03baB\u03b1 as a substrate and IKK autophosphorylation. Using dominant negative cDNAs encoding kinase-dead IKK\u03b1, IKK\u03b2, and NF-\u03baB-inducing kinase (NIK),<jats:italic>Ngo<\/jats:italic>-induced NF-\u03baB activity was significantly inhibited. Curcumin, the yellow pigment derived from<jats:italic>Curcuma longa<\/jats:italic>, inhibited IKK\u03b1, IKK\u03b2 and NIK, indicating its strong potential to block NF-\u03baB-mediated cytokine release and the innate immune response. In addition to the inhibition of<jats:italic>Ngo<\/jats:italic>-induced signaling, curcumin treatment of cells completely abolished the adherence of bacteria to cells in late infection, underlining the high potential of curcumin as an anti-microbial compound without cytotoxic side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/bc.2005.057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,25]],"date-time":"2005-05-25T08:39:26Z","timestamp":1117010366000},"page":"481-490","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The anti-inflammatory compound curcumin inhibits Neisseria gonorrhoeae-induced NF-\u03baB signaling, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines and attenuates adhesion in late infection"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"386","author":[{"given":"Silja","family":"Wessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Muenzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Naumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01345.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1320"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5940","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.10.5940","volume":"172","author":"Bharti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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