{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:48:45Z","timestamp":1792666125983,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the hepatoprotective potential of p-cymene (p-CYM) against two models of liver damage: ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatocellular injury and diethylnitrosamine-carbon tetrachloride (DEN-CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    )-induced liver fibrosis (LF). HepG2 cells were treated with p-CYM or silymarin (SIL) before exposure to 10% EtOH in order to induce cellular injury. LF was induced in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats using a single dose of DEN followed by increasing doses of CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    over 60 days. Rats were treated twice weekly with p-CYM or SIL from day 21 to day 60. Results showed that p-CYM effectively mitigated EtOH-induced cell death in HepG2 cells by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    findings revealed that p-CYM attenuated DEN\u2013 CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced liver damage by preventing weight loss, improving serum biomarkers (e.g., aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin), and reducing liver fibrotic changes. It also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers such as\n                    <jats:italic>TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TGF-\u03b21, COL1A1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>TIMP-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Molecular docking further supported the experimental findings, showing strong interactions between p-CYM and the target proteins. These results indicate that the hepatoprotective effects of p-CYM are likely due to its combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2022-1054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T11:47:36Z","timestamp":1744717656000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["p-Cymene inhibits pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mediators to prevent hepatic dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Atif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Nasir Hayat","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq G.","family":"Alsahli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University , Sakaka , Aljouf 72341 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqas","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Saad","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University , Buraydah , Al-Qassim, 51452 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami I.","family":"Alzare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University , Sakaka , Aljouf 72341 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bader","family":"Alsuwayt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin , Hafr Al-Batin 31991 , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahir","family":"Maqbool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University , Islamabad 44000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah R.","family":"Alanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2861-0674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gideon F. 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