{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T18:54:25Z","timestamp":1772045665215,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation, deformity, cartilage deterioration, and pain. Benzimidazole derivatives exhibit various pharmacological properties. This study evaluated the antiarthritic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory potential of a benzimidazole derivative 2-(2-(benzylthio)-1\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    -benzo[\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    ]imidazol-1-yl)-\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032-(4-nitrobenzylidiene) acetohydrazide (BMZ-AD) in a Freund\u2019s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic rat model. FCA was administered on day 0, and treatment with BMZ-AD (25\u2009mg\/kg, 50\u2009mg\/kg, and 75\u2009mg\/kg) and piroxicam (10\u2009mg\/kg) began on day 7 and continued up to 28 days. Rats were sacrificed on day 28. Arthritis was assessed using an arthritic scoring index, and paw edema was measured with a digital water plethysmometer. Biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction measured the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and molecular docking evaluated BMZ-AD interactions with these proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined prostaglandin E2 levels. BMZ-AD treatment reduced inflammation, pannus formation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6) and decreased PGE2 levels, comparable to piroxicam. Blood profiles improved with significant reductions in white blood cells and platelets in treatment groups. BMZ-AD demonstrated antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, suggesting that it could be a potential drug for RA treatment with fewer side effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2025-1083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T08:10:04Z","timestamp":1750839004000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anti-arthritic, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory regulation by the benzimidazole derivative BMZ-AD: Insights from an FCA-induced rat model"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Haseeb","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halima","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University , Islamabad , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Mobashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Equator University of Science and Technology , Maska , Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arham","family":"Shabbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University , Jail Road , Lahore , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousef A.","family":"Bin Jardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P.O. Box 11451 , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Metouekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne , EA 4297 TIMR, 60205 , Compi\u00e8gne Cedex , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musaab","family":"Dauelbait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public and Environmental Health, University of Bahr el Ghazal , Freedowm Street , Wau , 91113 , South Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Bourhia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University , 80060 , Agadir , Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122123391933659_j_biol-2025-1083_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wu Q. 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