{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:21:01Z","timestamp":1788272461292,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Liupao tea is known for its anti-inflammatory antioxidant and regulation of gut microecological balance properties. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of Liupao tea aqueous extract (LPTAE) on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: the Normal group, the DSS group, the LPTL group, the LPTM group, and the LPTH group. Throughout the experiment, the rats\u2019 activity levels, stool consistency, and body weights were observed and recorded daily. After the experiment, colon length was measured, and colon tissues were collected for pathological analysis. Additionally, the colon contents were analyzed for gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) level, while serum samples were collected to determine inflammatory and oxidative factors. The results indicated that treatment with low, medium, and high doses of LPTAE significantly inhibited weight loss, alleviated rectal bleeding, and reduced colon shortening compared to the DSS group. It also decreased the disease activity index and histopathological activity index scores in the rats. Furthermore, LPTAE reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IL-6, TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and malondialdehyde, while simultaneously increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase and SCFAs, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. 16S rDNA gene sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed that all doses of LPTAE reversed the decrease in both\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    diversities caused by UC, increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Muribaculaceae,\n                    <jats:italic>Alloprevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Blautia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and decreased the levels of harmful bacteria such as\n                    <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Romboutsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In summary, within the tested doses (100, 150, 250\u2009mg\/kg), LPTAE alleviated DSS-induced colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and correcting the metabolic imbalance of SCFAs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2025-1106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T15:58:12Z","timestamp":1747756692000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shengjin","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital (The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) , 1 Gaodi Road , Wuzhou , 543001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxi","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital (The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) , 1 Gaodi Road , Wuzhou , 543001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital (The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) , 1 Gaodi Road , Wuzhou , 543001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongqing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital (The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) , 1 Gaodi Road , Wuzhou , 543001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuechao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital (The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) , 1 Gaodi Road , Wuzhou , 543001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital (The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) , 1 Gaodi Road , Wuzhou , 543001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siling","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital (The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) , 1 Gaodi Road , Wuzhou , 543001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital (The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) , 1 Gaodi Road , Wuzhou , Guangxi, 543001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ord\u00e1s I, Eckmann L, Talamini M, Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet. 2012;380(9853):1606\u201319.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60150-0"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah SC, Itzkowitz SH. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanisms and management. Gastroenterology. 2022;162(3):715\u201330.e3.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.035"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng W-W, Liu B-H, Hou X-T, Meng H, Wang D, Zhang C-H, et al. Natural products on inflammatory bowel disease: Role of gut microbes. Am J Chin Med. 2024;52(5):1275\u2013301.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X24500514"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan GG. The global burden of IBD: From 2015 to 2025. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(12):720\u20137.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng X, Chen M, Song H, Ma S, Ou C, Li Z, et al. A systemic review on Liubao tea: A time\u2010honored dark tea with distinctive raw materials, process techniques, chemical profiles, and biological activities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2023;22(6):5063\u201385.","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13254"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang S, Wei Z, Luo J, Wang X, Chen G, Guan X, et al. Integrated bioinformatics and multiomics reveal Liupao tea extract alleviating NAFLD via regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Phytomedicine. 2024;132:155834.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155834"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou S, Bao Z, Ma S, Ou C, Hu H, Yang Y, et al. A local dark tea \u2013 Liubao tea \u2013 extract exhibits remarkable performance in oral tissue regeneration, inflammation relief and oral microbiota reconstruction. Food Funct. 2023;14(16):7400\u201312.","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO02277C"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo S, Shi Y, Xu A, Wang Y, Xu P. Liubao tea extract ameliorates ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma by regulating gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct. 2023;14(23):10605\u201316.","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO03470D"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu J, Wu M, Zhou H, Cheng L, Wei X, Wang Y. Liubao brick tea activates the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to lower blood glucose, metabolic disorders and insulin resistance via altering the intestinal flora. Food Res Int. 2021;148:110594.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110594"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li B, Mao Q, Xiong R, Zhou D, Huang S, Saimaiti A, et al. Preventive effects of different black and dark teas on obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and modulate gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice. Foods. 2022;11(21):3457.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11213457"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong Z-P, Ouyang J, Wu X-L, Zhou F, Lu D-M, Zhao C-J, et al. Dark tea extracts: Chemical constituents and modulatory effect on gastrointestinal function. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;130:110514.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110514"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun X, Zhang Y, Cheng G, Zhu T, Zhang Z, Xiong L, et al. Berberine improves DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the fecal-bacteria-related bile acid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;167:115430.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115430"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mills RH, Dulai PS, V\u00e1zquez-Baeza Y, Sauceda C, Daniel N, Gerner RR, et al. Multi-omics analyses of the ulcerative colitis gut microbiome link Bacteroides vulgatus proteases with disease severity. Nat Microbiol. 2022;7(2):262\u201376.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-01050-3"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Y, Ma Q, Wang Q, Zhao L, Liu H, Chen Y. Mannose enhances intestinal immune barrier function and dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice by regulating intestinal microbiota. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1365457.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1365457"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu S, Chen Z. Astragaloside IV alleviates the symptoms of experimental ulcerative colitis in vitro and in vivo. Exp Ther Med. 2019;18(4):2877\u201384.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7907"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_016","unstructured":"Li R, Yang P, Li M, Ye Z, Zhang P, Huang Y. Amelioration of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis by fermented Lycium barbarum polysaccharides through modulation of intestinal microecology. J China Pharm Univ. 2024;55(2):236\u201345."},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_017","unstructured":"Fan G, Sun L, Yang X, Tang J, Wei M. Effects of punicalagin on intestinal microbiota and inflammatory factors in mice with ulcerative colitis. Chin J Microecol. 2024;36(7):769\u201375."},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang M, Fu R, Xu D, Chen Y, Yue S, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine: A promising strategy to regulate the imbalance of bacterial flora, impaired intestinal barrier and immune function attributed to ulcerative colitis through intestinal microecology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024;318(PtA):116879.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116879"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhou M, Yang M, Jin C, Song Y, Chen J, et al. Pulsatilla chinensis saponins ameliorate inflammation and DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by regulating the composition and diversity of intestinal flora. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:728929.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.728929"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang L, Wang C, Peng J, Song Y, Zhang W, Chen Y, et al. Rattan pepper polysaccharide regulates DSS-induced intestinal inflammation and depressive behavior through microbiota-gut-brain axis. J Agric Food Chem. 2024;72(1):437\u201348.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c08462"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Z, Huang S, Li T, Li N, Han D, Zhang B, et al. Gut microbiota from green tea polyphenol-dosed mice improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates experimental colitis. Microbiome. 2021;9(1):184.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01115-9"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou S, Yang J, Pan Y, Feng X, Hu H, Ma S, et al. Pu\u2019 er raw tea extract alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by restoring intestinal barrier function and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. Food Biosci. 2023;53:102750.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.102750"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Feng X, Lin H, Chen X, He P, Wang Y, et al. Tieguanyin extracts ameliorated DSS-induced mouse colitis by suppressing inflammation and regulating intestinal microbiota. Food Funct. 2022;13(24):13040\u201351.","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO02781J"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li L, Peng P, Ding N, Jia W, Huang C, Tang Y. Oxidative stress, inflammation, gut dysbiosis: What can polyphenols do in inflammatory bowel disease? Antioxidants. 2023;12(4):967.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040967"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mai W, Liao Y. Targeting IL-1\u03b2 in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:589654.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.589654"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhang J, Xu L, Ma J, Lu M, Ma J, et al. Modified gegen qinlian decoction regulates Treg\/Th17 balance to ameliorate DSS-induced acute experimental colitis in mice by altering the gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:756978.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.756978"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinrich PC, Behrmann I, Haan S, Hermanns HM, M\u00fcller-Newen G, Schaper F. Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regu lation. Biochem J. 2003;374(Pt 1):1\u201320.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030407"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sani M, Sebai H, Ghanem-Boughanmi N, Boughattas NA, Ben-Attia M. Circadian (about 24-hour) variation in malondialdehyde content and catalase activity of mouse erythrocytes. Redox Rep. 2014;20(1):26\u201332.","DOI":"10.1179\/1351000214Y.0000000102"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Branicky R, No\u00eb A, Hekimi S. Superoxide dismutases: Dual roles in controlling ROS damage and regulating ROS signaling. J Cell Biol. 2018;217(6):1915\u201328.","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201708007"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian Y, Zhang J, Fu X, Yi R, Sun P, Zou M, et al. Preventive effect of raw liubao tea polyphenols on mouse gastric injuries induced by HCl\/ethanol via anti-oxidative stress. Molecules. 2018;23(11):2848.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112848"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan Y, Long X, Yi R, Zhao X. Polyphenols in liubao tea can prevent CCl4-induced hepatic damage in mice through its antioxidant capacities. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1280.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091280"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang W, Yuan M, Li Z, Lin Q, Zhen Y, Li Z, et al. Polyphenol-rich liupao tea extract prevents high-fat diet-induced MAFLD by modulating the gut microbiota. Nutrients. 2022;14(22):4930.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224930"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye Y, Warusawitharana H, Zhao H, Liu Z, Li B, Wu Y, et al. Tea polyphenols attenuates inflammation via reducing lipopolysaccharides level and inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway in obese mice. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2022;77(1):105\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-021-00937-0"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menegazzi M, Campagnari R, Bertoldi M, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in diseases with uncontrolled immune activation: Could such a scenario be helpful to counteract COVID-19? Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(14):5171.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145171"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao L, Miao Y, Shan B, Zhao C, Peng C, Gong J. Theabrownin isolated from Pu-Erh tea enhances the innate immune and anti-inflammatory effects of RAW264.7 macrophages via the TLR2\/4-mediated signaling pathway. Foods (Basel, Switz). 2023;12(7):1468.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12071468"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bethlehem L, Estevinho MM, Grinspan A, Magro F, Faith JJ, Colombel J-F. Microbiota therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease: The way forward. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;9(5):476\u201386.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00441-7"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaiserman A, Romanenko M, Piven L, Moseiko V, Lushchak O, Kryzhanovska N, et al. Differences in the gut Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio across age groups in healthy Ukrainian population. BMC Microbiol. 2020;20(1):221.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01903-7"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stojanov S, Berlec A, \u0160trukelj B. The influence of probiotics on the firmicutes\/bacteroidetes ratio in the treatment of obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Microorganisms. 2020;8(11):1715.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111715"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larsen JM. The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease. Immunology. 2017;151(4):363\u201374.","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12760"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao Y, Liu Y, Xu Q, Mao L. Short chain fatty acids: Essential weapons of traditional medicine in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Molecules. 2024;29(2):379.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020379"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuohongerbieke A, Wang H, Wu J, Wang Z, Dong T, Huang Y, et al. Xiao Cheng Qi decoction, an ancient chinese herbal mixture, relieves loperamide-induced slow-transit constipation in mice: An action mediated by gut microbiota. Pharmaceuticals. 2024;17(2):153.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17020153"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu M, Xie W, Wan X, Deng T. Clostridium butyricum modulates gut microbiota and reduces colitis associated colon cancer in mice. Int Immunopharmacology. 2020;88:106862.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106862"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun Y, Xu J, Zhao H, Li Y, Zhang H, Yang B, et al. Antioxidant properties of fermented soymilk and its anti-inflammatory effect on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Front Nutr. 2023;9:1088949.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1088949"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao B, Guo W, Cui S, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Tang X, et al. Blautia producta displays potential probiotic properties against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2024;13(2):709\u201320.","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2022.9250060"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao L, Zhao C, Miao Y, Lei S, Li Y, Gong J, et al. Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea improves DSS-induced colitis via restoring gut homeostasis and inhibiting TLR2&4 signaling pathway. Phytomed: Int J Phytother Phytopharmacol. 2024;132:155852.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155852"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haiou W, Jinyou L, Wenkang H, Yiping Y, Lijuan G. The regulation of intestinal microbiota and the intervention of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Pharmacol Res - Mod Chin Med. 2024;10:100356.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2024.100356"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang R, Shan S, Shi J, Li H, An N, Li S, et al. Coprococcus eutactus, a potent probiotic, alleviates colitis via acetate-mediated IgA response and microbiota restoration. J Agric Food Chem. 2023;71(7):3273\u201384.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06697"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mann ER, Lam YK, Uhlig HH. Short-chain fatty acids: Linking diet, the microbiome and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2024;24(8):577\u201395.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8"},{"key":"2025122123390882993_j_biol-2025-1106_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng Q, Chen W-D, Wang Y-D. Gut microbiota: An integral moderator in health and disease. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:151.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00151"}],"container-title":["Open Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/biol-2025-1106\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/biol-2025-1106\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T23:40:39Z","timestamp":1766360439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/biol-2025-1106\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/biol-2025-1106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/biol-2025-1106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"article-number":"20251106"}}