{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:35:55Z","timestamp":1790562955090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Co-occurring symptoms such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disorders are frequently comorbid with cancer. The causes of these cancer-related symptom clusters are hypothesized sharing a common biological mechanism. This study explored pattern differences of some gut metabolites (glucocorticoids, short-chain fatty acids, gut microbial metabolites from tryptophan) in plasma samples from patients with four types of cancer. Metabolomics analysis was performed to indicate the differences of metabolites. Discrimination model and diagnostic model were constructed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, and differential metabolites were screened, then receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of these models. Melatonin (MLT), indole propionic, and skatole were screened as the common differential metabolites shared by four types of cancer, indicating that the intestinal microbial metabolic pathway of tryptophan plays a key role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. The area under the curve values for the potential candidate biomarker predictors in univariate analysis ranged from 0.771 to 0.989, and in multivariate analysis ranged from 0.985 to 1.00. The sensitivity and specificity of the multivariable model were 94.7\u2013100 and 96.4\u2013100%, respectively. These biomarkers also had good performance in discriminating different pairs of cancer. The analysis of gut microbiota metabolites allows us to characterize the common metabolic characteristics of patients with various cancers. The intestinal microbial metabolic pathway of tryptophan plays a key role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2025-1115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T11:39:27Z","timestamp":1748259567000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Alterations of metabolites related to microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis in plasma of colon cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu, 210029 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangwei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing , 210096 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing , 210096 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu, 210029 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuejun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing , 210096 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7135-6835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jinling Institute of Technology , Nanjing , 210038 , PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blackadar CB. Historical review of the causes of cancer. World J Clin Oncol. 2016;7:54\u201386.","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v7.i1.54"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urbaniak C, Gloor GB, Brackstone M, Scott L, Tangney M, Reid G. The microbiota of breast tissue and its association with breast cancer. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016;82:5039\u201348.","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01235-16"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giudice A, Aliberti SM, Barbieri A, Pentangelo P, Bisogno I, D\u2019Arena G, et al. Potential mechanisms by which glucocorticoids induce breast carcinogenesis through Nrf2 inhibition. Front Biosci-Landmark. 2022;27:223.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2707223"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"errera RA, Deshpande K, Martirosian V, Saatian B, Julian A, Eisenbarth R, et al. Cortisol promotes breast-to-brain metastasis through the blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Cancer Rep. 2022;5:e1351.","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1351"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsiao FH, Jow GM, Kuo WH, Huang CS, Lai YM, Liu YF, et al. The partner\u2019s insecure attachment, depression and psychological well-being as predictors of diurnal cortisol patterns for breast cancer survivors and their spouses. Stress Amst Neth. 2014;17(2):169\u201375.","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2014.880833"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruo SW, Alkayyali T, Win M, Tara A, Joseph C, Kannan A, et al. Role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in breast cancer and novel approaches in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Cureus. 2021;13:e17472.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17472"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez J, Fern\u00e1ndez Real JM, Guarner F, Gueimonde M, Rodr\u00edguez JM, Saenz De Pipaon M, et al. Gut microbes and health. Gastroenterol Hepatol (Engl Ed). 2021;44:519\u201335.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastre.2021.01.002"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wargo JA. Modulating gut microbes. Science. 2020;369:1302\u20133.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc3965"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Mercado AI, Del Valle Cano A, Fern\u00e1ndez MF, Fontana L. Gut microbiota and breast cancer: the dual role of microbes. Cancers. 2023;15:443.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020443"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsvetikova SA, Koshel EI. Microbiota and cancer: host cellular mechanisms activated by gut microbial metabolites. Int J Med Microbiol. 2020;310:151425.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2020.151425"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plaza-Diaz J, \u00c1lvarez-Mercado AI. The interplay between microbiota and chemotherapy-derived metabolites in breast cancer. Metabolites. 2023;13:703.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13060703"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Q, Zai H, Zhang K, Zhang X, Luo N, Li X, et al. L-Norvaline affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells based on the microbiome and metabolome analysis. J Appl Microbiol. 2022;133:1014\u201326.","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15620"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Han W, Feng Y, Wang Y, Sun T, Xu J. Microbial metabolites affect tumor progression, immunity, and therapy prediction by reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Int J Oncol. 2024;65:73.","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2024.5661"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alpert O, Begun L, Issac T, Solhkhah R. The brain\u2013gut axis in gastrointestinal cancers. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2021;12(Suppl 2):S301\u201310.","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-2019-gi-04"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priego-Parra BA, Remes-Troche JM. Bidirectional relationship between gastrointestinal cancer and depression: the key is in the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(48):5104\u201310.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i48.5104"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li C, Zhang Z, Liu X, Shen K, Gu P, Kang X. Simultaneous quantification of cortisol and cortisone in urines from infants with packed-fiber solid-phase extraction coupled to HPLC\u2013MS\/MS. J Chromatogr B. 2017;1061\u20131062:163\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.07.012"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao R, Chu L, Wang Y, Song Y, Liu P, Li C, et al. Application of packed-fiber solid-phase extraction coupled with GC\u2013MS for the determination of short-chain fatty acids in children\u2019s urine. Clin Chim Acta. 2017;468:120\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.02.016"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei L, Kang X. Packed-nanofiber solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence for determining gut microbiota\u2013host cometabolites and indoleamines in human urine. Separations. 2024;11:153.","DOI":"10.3390\/separations11050153"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goto T, Saligan LN. Mechanistic insights into behavioral clusters associated with cancer-related systemic inflammatory response. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2024;18(3):161\u20137.","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000706"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowery-Allison AE, Passik SD, Cribbet MR, Reinsel RA, O\u2019Sullivan B, Norton L, et al. Sleep problems in breast cancer survivors 1\u201310 years posttreatment. Palliat Support Care. 2018;16:325\u201334.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951517000311"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saeki Y, Sumi Y, Ozaki Y, Hosonaga M, Kenmotsu Y, Onoe T, et al. Proposal for managing cancer-related insomnia: a systematic literature review of associated factors and a narrative review of treatment. Cancer Med. 2024;13(22):e70365.","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70365"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aspelund SG, Halldorsdottir T, Agustsson G, Sigurdardottir Tobin HR, Wu LM, Amidi A, et al. Biological and psychological predictors of cognitive function in breast cancer patients before surgery. Support Care Cancer Off J Multinatl Assoc. Support Care Cancer. 2024;32(1):88.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-023-08282-5"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amidi A, Wu LM. Circadian disruption and cancer- and treatment-related symptoms. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1009064.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1009064"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarzlmueller P, Triebig A, Assi\u00e9 G, Jouinot A, Theurich S, Maier T, et al. Steroid hormones as modulators of anti-tumoural immunity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;01102:2.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01102-2"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nead KT, Sharp SJ, Thompson DJ, Painter JN, Savage DB, Semple RK, et al. Evidence of a causal association between insulinemia and endometrial cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;107(9):djv178.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv178"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bratborska AW, Piotrowski I. The impact of yoga practice on cortisol levels in breast cancer patients \u2013 a comprehensive review. Oncol Clin Pract. 2024;20(6):420\u20137.","DOI":"10.5603\/ocp.98177"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanter NG, Cohen\u2010Woods S, Balfour D, Burt MG, Waterman AL, Koczwara B. Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis dysfunction in people with cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Med. 2024;13(22);e70366. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cam4.70366.","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70366"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konopelski P, Mogilnicka I. Biological effects of indole-3-propionic acid, a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, and its precursor tryptophan in mammals\u2019 health and disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:1222.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031222"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simonneaux V, Ribelayga C. Generation of the melatonin endocrine message in mammals: a review of the complex regulation of melatonin synthesis by norepinephrine, peptides, and other pineal transmitters. Pharmacol Rev. 2003;55(37):325\u201395.","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.2.2"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung-Hynes B, Huang W, Reiter RJ, Ahmad N. Melatonin resynchronizes dysregulated circadian rhythm circuitry in human prostate cancer cells: melatonin and the circadian clock. J Pineal Res. 2010;49:60\u20138.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2010.00767.x"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lozano-Lorca M, Olmedo-Requena R, Rodr\u00edguez-Barranco M, Redondo-S\u00e1nchez D, Jim\u00e9nez-Pacheco A, V\u00e1zquez-Alonso F, et al. Salivary melatonin rhythm and prostate cancer: CAPLIFE study. J Urol. 2022;207:565\u201372.","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002294"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Jain AK, Laumas KR, Wetterberg L. Urinary melatonin levels in human breast cancer patients. J Neural Transm. 1981;52:281\u201394.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01256753"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang WP, Lin CC. Relationships of salivary cortisol and melatonin rhythms to sleep quality, emotion, and fatigue levels in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017;29:79\u201384.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2017.05.008"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu S, Shen G, Yin S, Xu W, Hu B. Melatonin and tryptophan circadian profiles in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Adv Ther. 2009;26:886\u201392.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-009-0068-8"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoory R, Stemme D. Plasma melatonin levels in patients suffering from colorectal carcinoma. J Pineal Res. 1988;5:251\u20138.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1988.tb00651.x"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1ri Z, Mik\u00f3 E, Kov\u00e1cs T, Jank\u00f3 L, Csonka T, Lente G, et al. Indolepropionic acid, a metabolite of the microbiome, has cytostatic properties in breast cancer by activating AHR and PXR receptors and inducing oxidative stress. Cancers. 2020;12:2411.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092411"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivaprakasam S, Prasad PD, Singh N. Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Ther. 2016;164:144\u201351.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.04.007"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Cao H, Song N, Zhang L, Tai J. Long-term hexavalent chromium exposure facilitates colorectal cancer in mice associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Food Chem Toxicol. 2020;138:111237.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111237"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahuri-Arisoylu M, Mould RR, Shinjyo N, Bligh SWA, Nunn AVW, Guy GW, et al. Acetate induces growth arrest in colon cancer cells through modulation of mitochondrial function. Front Nutr. 2021;8:588466.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.588466"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang Y, Chen Y, Jiang H, Nie D. The role of short-chain fatty acids in orchestrating two types of programmed cell death in colon cancer. Autophagy. 2011;7:235\u20137.","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.2.14277"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Vacca M, De Angelis M, Farella I, Lanza E, et al. Gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids: implications in glucose homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:1105.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031105"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Qadami GH, Secombe KR, Subramaniam CB, Wardill HR, Bowen JM. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids: impact on cancer treatment response and toxicities. Microorganisms. 2022;10:2048.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10102048"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murayama M, Hosonuma M, Kuramasu A, Kobayashi S, Sasaki A, Baba Y, et al. Isobutyric acid enhances the anti-tumour effect of anti-PD-1 antibody. Sci Rep. 2024;14:11325.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59677-1"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silveira Cruz-Machado S, Tamura EK, Carvalho-Sousa CE, Rocha VA, Pinato L, Fernandes PAC, et al. Daily corticosterone rhythm modulates pineal function through NF\u03baB-related gene transcriptional program. Sci Rep. 2017;7:2091.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02286-y"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes PA, Tamura EK, D\u2019Argenio-Garcia L, Muxel SM, Da Silveira Cruz-Machado S, Mar\u00e7ola M, et al. Dual effect of catecholamines and corticosterone crosstalk on pineal gland melatonin synthesis. Neuroendocrinology. 2017;104:126\u201334.","DOI":"10.1159\/000445189"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh AK, Haldar C. Melatonin modulates glucocorticoid receptor mediated inhibition of antioxidant response and apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2016;436:59\u201367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.07.024"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu W, Cui Y, Guo D, Wang W, Xu H, Qiao S, et al. UPLC-MS\/MS simultaneous quantification of urinary circadian rhythm hormones and related metabolites: application to air traffic controllers. J Chromatogr B. 2023;1222:123664.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2023.123664"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalile B, Vervliet B, Bergonzelli G, Verbeke K, Van Oudenhove L. Colon-delivered short-chain fatty acids attenuate the cortisol response to psychosocial stress in healthy men: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45:2257\u201366.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0732-x"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao Q, Hu S, Wang X. The regulatory roles and clinical significance of glycolysis in tumor. Cancer Commun Lond Engl. 2024;44(7):761\u201386.","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12549"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahabrach H, El Mlili N, Mafla-Espa\u00f1a MA, Cauli O. Hair cortisol concentration associates with insomnia and stress symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Int J Psychophysiol. 2023;191:49\u201356.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2023.07.006"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luecken LJ, Compas BE. Stress, coping, and immune function in breast cancer. Ann Behav Med. 2002;24(4):336\u201344.","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2404_10"},{"key":"2025122123392361682_j_biol-2025-1115_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang HL, Zhang AH, Miao JH, Sun H, Yan GL, Wu FF, et al. Targeting regulation of tryptophan metabolism for colorectal cancer therapy: a systematic review. RSC Adv. 2019;9(6):3072\u201380.","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA08520J"}],"container-title":["Open Life Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/biol-2025-1115\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/biol-2025-1115\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T23:40:15Z","timestamp":1766360415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/biol-2025-1115\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/biol-2025-1115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/biol-2025-1115","relation":{},"ISSN":["2391-5412"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2391-5412","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"article-number":"20251115"}}