{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:02:51Z","timestamp":1771272171982,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (PEHE) is a rare, low-grade malignant vascular tumor with nonspecific clinical and imaging features. Diagnosis remains challenging, particularly in intraoperative frozen sections and biopsy specimens, and relies on characteristic histopathological morphology and immunohistochemical findings, supplemented by molecular genetic testing when necessary. We report two cases of PEHE: a 72-year-old asymptomatic male with multiple pulmonary nodules detected incidentally on CT, initially diagnosed as \u201cmalignant tumor, likely metastatic\u201d by frozen section during wedge resection but later confirmed as PEHE on paraffin pathology; and a 53-year-old female presenting with cough, sputum, dyspnea, and chest pain, whose CT showed scattered ground-glass and solid nodules, initially misdiagnosed as non-small cell carcinoma with nodal metastasis via percutaneous biopsy but ultimately confirmed as PEHE through immunohistochemistry (positive CD34\/CD31\/ERG). These cases underscore the diagnostic pitfalls of PEHE and aim to enhance awareness among clinicians and pathologists. A comprehensive review of current literature is also provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/biol-2025-1259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T19:06:28Z","timestamp":1771268788000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and pathological analysis of pulmonary epithelioid vascular endothelial tumor"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dong-Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , Jilin Municipal People\u2019s Hospital , Jilin , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , Jilin Municipal People\u2019s Hospital , Jilin , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , Jilin Municipal People\u2019s Hospital , Jilin , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University , Inner Mongolia , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haughey, AM, Moloney, BM, O\u2019Brien, CM. Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma: not simply a hepatic pathology. Clin Imag 2023;102:42\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinimag.2023.07.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2023.07.003"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiba, S, Imaoka, H, Shioji, K, Suto, T, Kuze, T, Abe, T, et al.. Clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a multicenter retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2018;18:993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-018-4934-0.1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4934-0"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oda, N, Maeda, Y, Kiura, K, Miyahara, N. Pulmonary epithelioid haemangioendothelioma mimicking lung cancer. BMJ Case Rep 2021;14:e240152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-2401522.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240152"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X, Wang, Y, Che, G, Shen, C. An extremely rare case of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Thorac Cancer 2023;14:2519\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.15051.24.","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.15051"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mesquita, RD, Sousa, M, Trinidad, C, Pinto, E, Badiola, IA. New insights about pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: review of the literature and two case reports. Case Rep Radiol 2017;2017:5972940\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/5972940.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5972940"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, X, Liang, Z, Chibhabha, F, Li, H, Liu, M, Yang, Y, et al.. Clinico\u2010radiological features and next generation sequencing of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a case report and review of literature. Thorac Cancer 2017;8:687\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.124746.","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.12474"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, FX, Li, JQ, Xie, PK. Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a case of computed-tomography diagnostic analysis and follow-up. Asian J Surg 2023;46:2329\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.12.0066.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.12.006"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H, Wang, J, Lang, J, Zhang, X. Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: imaging and clinical features. J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr 2021;45:788\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RCT.00000000000011945.","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000001194"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, H, Tang, X, Tian, X, Liu, Y, Tian, P. Poor response to sintilimab plus chemotherapy in a pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma patient: a case report. Immunotherapy 2023;15:77\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/imt-2022-00732.","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2022-0073"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_010","unstructured":"Zhu, JX, Xie, Q, Zhong, AH, Lin, QH, Lan, CQ. Clinical analysis of 16 cases of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi 2021;44:966\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112147-20201218-0117411."},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_011","unstructured":"Lin, H, Cheng, Y, Zhang, C. Research progress of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2019;22:470\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3779\/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.07.107."},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sardaro, A, Bardoscia, L, Petruzzelli, MF, Portaluri, M, D\u2019Errico, MP, Rubini, G, et al.. Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma presenting with vertebral metastases: a case report. J\u00a0Med Case Rep 2014;8:201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-1947-8-201.","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-8-201"},{"key":"2026021619062119947_j_biol-2025-1259_ref_013","unstructured":"Chen, S, Zhuang, D, Jin, H, Hu, G. Imaging manifestations of epithelioid endothelial tumors occurring simultaneously in the liver and both lungs and literature review. 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