{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:26:24Z","timestamp":1783445184565,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Different forms of vaccines have been introduced to reduce hospitalizations and prevent the risk of serious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2\u00a0spike-specific IgG subclasses after COVID-19 vaccinations will provide additional details about specific long-term immune memory in patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH).\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : We examined four HAE-C1INH patients vaccinated with primary vector (Sputnik), mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech), or inactivated (Sinopharm) vaccines and one booster mRNA-based vaccine in the Hungarian Angioedema Centre of Reference and Excellence. The levels of each spike-specific IgG subclass and the total spike-specific IgG were determined by in-house ELISA. Total serum IgG and IgG subclasses were measured by nephelometry.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Patient 1 who was infected after mRNA-based vaccination had high spike-specific IgG4 to total spike-specific IgG ratio (41\u202f%). Two patients who had vector-based vaccination without infection and the patient with inactivated vaccination had low spike-specific IgG4 to total spike-specific IgG ratios. The patient with slightly higher total serum IgG4 has also had high total serum IgG4 before the COVID-19 pandemic.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Taken together, our study was an individual-level observation, where spike-specific IgG4 antibody response appeared several months after mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 immunization in a HAE-C1INH type I patient. Further investigations are planned to examine the\n                    <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    complement activation of spike-specific IgG4 after mRNA-based vaccinations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2025-0060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:56:35Z","timestamp":1783443395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patterns of spike-specific IgG subclasses after different types of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3055-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanga R\u00e9ka","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology , Hungarian Angioedema Centre of Reference and Excellence, Semmelweis University , Szentkir\u00e1lyi Street 46 , Budapest , H-1088 , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kiszel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Immunology and Haematology , Hungarian Research Network-Semmelweis University (HUN-REN-SU) , \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26 , Budapest , H-1085 , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Mikl\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology , Semmelweis University , Szentkir\u00e1lyi Street 46 , Budapest , H-1088 , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5355-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"Sinkovits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology , Semmelweis University , Szentkir\u00e1lyi Street 46 , Budapest , H-1088 , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Proh\u00e1szka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Immunology and Haematology , Hungarian Research Network-Semmelweis University (HUN-REN-SU) , \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26 , Budapest , H-1085 , Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology , Semmelweis University , Szentkir\u00e1lyi Street 46 , Budapest , H-1088 , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology , Hungarian Angioedema Centre of Reference and Excellence, Semmelweis University , Szentkir\u00e1lyi Street 46 , Budapest , H-1088 , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070716561425596_j_bmc-2025-0060_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busse, PJ, Christiansen, SC. Hereditary angioedema. N\u00a0Engl J Med 2020;382:1136\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra1808012.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808012"},{"key":"2026070716561425596_j_bmc-2025-0060_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veronez, CL, Christiansen, SC, Smith, TD, Riedl, MA, Zuraw, BL. COVID-19 and hereditary angioedema: incidence, outcomes, and mechanistic implications. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021;42:506\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210083.","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210083"},{"key":"2026070716561425596_j_bmc-2025-0060_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olivares, MM, Zwiener, RD, Panqueva, LML, Contreras Verduzco, FA, Mansour, E, Rodriguez, JA, et al.. COVID-19 triggers attacks in HAE patients without worsening disease outcome. J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2022;10:855\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.12.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.12.008"},{"key":"2026070716561425596_j_bmc-2025-0060_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farinha, IC, Tavares, B, Sousa, N, Almeida, E, Lozoya, C, Regateiro, FS, et al.. COVID-19 infection and vaccination in patients with hereditary angioedema: a multicentric study. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2024;56:34\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23822\/eurannaci.1764-1489.295.","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.295"},{"key":"2026070716561425596_j_bmc-2025-0060_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szil\u00e1gyi, D, Horv\u00e1th, HR, Andr\u00e1si, N, Kempler, MS, Balla, Z, Farkas, H. The analysis of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with hereditary angioedema type I and type II. Sci Rep 2023;13:20446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-47307-1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47307-1"},{"key":"2026070716561425596_j_bmc-2025-0060_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mormile, I, Gigliotti, MC, Petraroli, A, Cocchiaro, A, Furno, A, Granata, F, et al.. Immunogenicity and safety of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in a cohort of patients with hereditary angioedema. Vaccines (Basel) 2023;11:215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11020215.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020215"},{"key":"2026070716561425596_j_bmc-2025-0060_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiszel, P, S\u00edk, P, Mikl\u00f3s, J, Kajd\u00e1csi, E, Sinkovits, G, Cervenak, L, et al.. Class switch towards spike protein-specific IgG4 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination depends on prior infection history. 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Comparison of immune activation of the COVID vaccines: ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, BBIBP-CorV, and Gam-COVID-Vac from serological human samples in Hungary showed higher protection after mRNA-based immunization. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022;26:5297\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202207_29321."},{"key":"2026070716561425596_j_bmc-2025-0060_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varghese, JL, Fung, AWS, Mattman, A, Quach, TTT, Gauiran, DTV, Carruthers, MN, et al.. Clinical utility of serum IgG4 measurement. Clin Chim Acta 2020;506:228\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2020.04.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.04.001"}],"container-title":["Biomolecular Concepts"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/bmc-2025-0060\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/bmc-2025-0060\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:56:56Z","timestamp":1783443416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/bmc-2025-0060\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/bmc-2025-0060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmc-2025-0060","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-503X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-503X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"article-number":"20250060"}}