{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:42:32Z","timestamp":1778571752615,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The construction of engineered bone mostly focuses on simulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) for proper biological activity. However, the complexity of architecture and the variability of the mechanical properties of natural bones are related to individual differences in age, nutritional state, mechanical loading and disease status. Defect substitutions should be normed with the host natural bone, balancing architectural and mechanical adaption, as well as biological activity. Using a freeform fabrication (FFF) method, we prepared polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with different architectures. With simulation of structural and mechanical parameters of rabbit femur cancellous bone, individual defect substitution with the characteristics of the rabbit femur was obtained with high porosity and connectivity. Biological adaption <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> was examined and osteoid formation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> was assessed by implantation <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>. Simulating the femur cancellous bone, 300-\u03bcm FFF PCL scaffolds had better architectural and mechanical properties. The protocol produced an architecturally, mechanically and biologically adaptive construction of an individual model for rapid-prototype PCL scaffolds. A guide system was developed to accurately reproduce virtually individual defect substitutions of the bone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2016-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T10:00:53Z","timestamp":1484128853000},"page":"467-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Individual construction of freeform-fabricated polycaprolactone scaffolds for osteogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3708-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard , Tianjin 300309 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guixin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Medical Technologies Co., Ltd , Beijing 100085 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard , Tianjin 300309 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heibei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengchao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Disaster and Emergency Rescue Medicine of PAP , Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of PAP , Tianjin 300162 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiangcheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong provincial key laboratory of biophysics , Dezhou University , Dezhou 253023 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University , Guilin 541100 , Guangxi , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_001_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chappard D, Basle M-F, Legrand E, Audran M. Trabecular bone microarchitecture: a review. Morphologie 2008; 92: 162\u2013170.10.1016\/j.morpho.2008.10.00319019718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2008.10.003"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_002_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho P, Fernandes P, Rodrigues H, Cardoso J, Guedes J. Numerical modeling of bone tissue adaptation \u2013 a hierarchical approach for bone apparent density and trabecular structure. J Biomech 2009; 42: 830\u2013837.1926963910.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.01.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.01.020"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_003_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias MR, Guedes JM, Flanagan CL, Hollister SJ, Fernandes PR. Optimization of scaffold design for bone tissue engineering: a computational and experimental study. Med Eng Phys 2014; 36: 448\u2013457.2463644910.1016\/j.medengphy.2014.02.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2014.02.010"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_004_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabriel M, Nazmi K, Dahm M, Zentner A, Vahl C-F, Strand D. Covalent RGD modification of the inner pore surface of polycaprolactone scaffolds. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2012; 23: 941\u2013953.2145762010.1163\/092050611X566793","DOI":"10.1163\/092050611X566793"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_005_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo Y, Tran RT, Xie D, et al. Citrate-based biphasic scaffolds for the repair of large segmental bone defects. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103: 772\u2013781.2482909410.1002\/jbm.a.35228","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35228"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_006_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b6Aa","unstructured":"Hassani B, Hinton E. Homogenization and structural topology optimization: theory, practice and software, London: Springer-Verlag 2012."},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_007_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heid CA, Stevens J, Livak KJ, Williams PM. Real time quantitative PCR. Genome Res. 1996; 6: 986\u2013994.890851810.1101\/gr.6.10.986","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6.10.986"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_008_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho J, Wu J, Huang H, Chen MY, Fuh L, Hsu J. Trabecular bone structural parameters evaluated using dental cone-beam computed tomography: cellular synthetic bones. Biomed Eng Online 2013; 12: 115.10.1186\/1475-925X-12-11524207062","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-12-115"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_009_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung MR, Shim IK, Chung HJ, et al. Local BMP-7 release from a PLGA scaffolding-matrix for the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbits. J Control Release 2012; 162: 485\u2013491.2290251710.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.07.040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.07.040"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_010_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karageorgiou V, Kaplan D. Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis. Biomaterials 2005; 26: 5474\u20135491.10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.02.00215860204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.02.002"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_011_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khorasani AM, Gibson I, Goldberg M, Littlefair G. A survey on mechanisms and critical parameters on solidification of selective laser melting during fabrication of Ti-6Al-4V prosthetic acetabular cup. Mater Des 2016; 103: 348\u2013355.10.1016\/j.matdes.2016.04.074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2016.04.074"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_012_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar G, Tison CK, Chatterjee K, et al. The determination of stem cell fate by 3D scaffold structures through the control of cell shape. Biomaterials 2011; 32: 9188\u20139196.10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.08.05421890197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.08.054"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_013_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee YS, Choi EM. Apocynin stimulates osteoblast differentiation and inhibits bone-resorbing mediators in MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell Immunol 2011; 270: 224\u2013229.10.1016\/j.cellimm.2011.05.01121683946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2011.05.011"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_014_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lichte P, Pape H, Pufe T, Kobbe P, Fischer H. Scaffolds for bone healing: concepts, materials and evidence. Injury 2011; 42: 569\u2013573.10.1016\/j.injury.2011.03.03321489531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.03.033"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_015_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lieb E, Vogel TS, Dauner M, Schulz MB. Effects of transforming growth factor beta1 on bonelike tissue formation in three-dimensional cell culture. II: osteoblastic differentiation. Tissue Eng 2004; 10: 1414\u20131425.15588401","DOI":"10.1089\/1076327042500201"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_016_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu L, Guo Y, Chen X, et al. Three-dimensional dynamic culture of pre-osteoblasts seeded in HA-CS\/Col\/nHAP composite scaffolds and treated with \u03b1-ZAL. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 2012; 44: 669\u2013677.10.1093\/abbs\/gms049","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gms049"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_017_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c17Aa","unstructured":"Liu L, Li R, Zhang L. Mechanical properties of hyaluronic acid modifying chitosan\/collagen\/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold and its effect on osteoblast proliferation. Chin J Tissue Eng Clin Heal 2011; 15: 7127\u20137131."},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_018_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luginbuehl V, Wenk E, Koch A, Gander B, Merkle HP, Meinel L. Insulin-like growth factor I-releasing alginate-tricalciumphosphate composites for bone regeneration. Pharm Res 2005; 22: 940\u2013950.10.1007\/s11095-005-4589-915948038","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-4589-9"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_019_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maclaine SE, Gadhari N, Pugin R, Meek RMD, Liley M, Dalby MJ. Optimizing the osteogenicity of nanotopography using block co-polymer phase separation fabrication techniques. J Orthop Res 2012; 30: 1190\u20131197.10.1002\/jor.2207622294345","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22076"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_020_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mi OC, Kim YJ. Fabrication of gelatin\/calcium phosphate composite nanofibrous membranes by biomimetic mineralization. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50: 1188\u20131194.2252161710.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.04.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.04.001"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_021_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c21Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mi RJ, Shim IK, Chung HJ, et al. Local BMP-7 release from a PLGA scaffolding-matrix for the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbits. J Control Release 2012; 162: 485\u2013491.2290251710.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.07.040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.07.040"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_022_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muhit AA, Arora S, Ogawa M, et al. Peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) using a dedicated extremity cone-beam CT scanner. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2013; 8672: 325\u2013328.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2006939"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_023_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perilli E, Baruffaldi F, Visentin M, et al. MicroCT examination of human bone specimens: effects of polymethylmethacrylate embedding on structural parameters. J Microsc 2007; 225: 192\u2013200.10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2007.01731.x17359254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2007.01731.x"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_024_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c24Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podshivalov L, Fischer A, Bar-Yoseph PZ. On the road to personalized medicine: multiscale computational modeling of bone tissue. Arch Comput Meth Eng 2014; 21: 399\u2013479.10.1007\/s11831-014-9120-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-014-9120-1"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_025_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c25Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salerno A, Zeppetelli S, Di Maio E, Iannace S, Netti P. Processing\/structure\/property relationship of multi-scaled PCL and PCL-HA composite scaffolds prepared via gas foaming and NaCl reverse templating. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108: 963\u2013976.2140426810.1002\/bit.23018","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.23018"},{"key":"2023033113535970153_j_bmt-2016-0005_ref_026_w2aab3b7b3b1b6b1ab1b5c26Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thadavirul N, Pavasant P, Supaphol P. Improvement of dual-leached polycaprolactone porous scaffolds by incorporating with hydroxyapatite for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2014; 25: 1986\u20132008.2529110610.1080\/09205063.2014.966800","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2014.966800"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Engineering \/ Biomedizinische Technik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/bmte.2017.62.issue-5\/bmt-2016-0005\/bmt-2016-0005.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/bmt-2016-0005\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/bmt-2016-0005\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T19:42:38Z","timestamp":1680291758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/bmt-2016-0005\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1515\/bmt-2016-0005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmt-2016-0005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1862-278X","0013-5585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1862-278X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0013-5585","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]]}}}