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In response to this challenge, this study introduces a portable exoskeleton system that integrates neural control mechanisms governing human arm movements. This design leverages neuroplasticity principles to simulate natural movements, aiming to reactivate and strengthen neuromuscular connections and thus enhance rehabilitation outcomes. A tailored musculoskeletal model of the human arm and an associated cost function were developed to accurately replicate the planar motion trajectories of a healthy human arm across 32 directions. The application of a Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller enables precise tracking of these trajectories by the exoskeleton. Individual testing has demonstrated high consistency between the exoskeleton-driven motion paths and the simulated trajectories, especially in trajectory accuracy along the X and Y axes. These findings support the efficacy of integrating advanced neural control strategies with practical exoskeleton designs in stroke rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2023-0622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T13:40:51Z","timestamp":1737380451000},"page":"135-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Integration of neuromuscular control for multidirectional horizontal planar reaching movements in a portable upper limb exoskeleton for enhanced stroke rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5753-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongkun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering , Imperial College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4603-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juzheng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Measurement and Control, School of Instrument Science and Engineering , 12579 Southeast University , Nanjing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0158-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4660-0258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8621-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiatong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering , Imperial College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3958-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shibo","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Imperial College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040407061974508_j_bmt-2023-0622_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partridge, L, Deelen, J, Slagboom, PE. 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