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KG","award":["Provided the conductive yarn free of charge"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Provided the conductive yarn free of charge"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_bmt-2024-0453_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to develop and characterize a novel low-cost, flexible sensor system for ground reaction force (GRF) measurements for biomedical applications. The system aims to provide GRF measurements across customizable areas up to 2\u202fm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, suitable for integration into various medical and rehabilitation devices.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_bmt-2024-0453_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The sensor system was constructed using multiple discrete resistive sensor modules. Each module had a quadratic shape and an edge length of 7.5\u202fcm. The system utilized ESD packing-foam as resistive sensing material and conductive textile as electrodes. Measurements were conducted using an Arduino Nano microcontroller, a Wheatstone bridge circuit and analogue multiplexers. A demonstrator, integrating the sensor modules in a sports mat was built to show the functionality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_bmt-2024-0453_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The proposed system was capable of measuring forces up to 330\u202fN. The sensor modules have an exponential force-resistance characteristic curve and showed inter-module and inter-day variability in the range of commercially available sensor systems\u2019 accuracy. The demonstrator enabled to visualize changes in weight distribution on its surface.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_bmt-2024-0453_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The developed sensor system offers a reliable, flexible, and low-cost solution for GRF analysis in biomedical applications, providing data e.g. for rehabilitation feedback.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2024-0453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T14:38:53Z","timestamp":1747924733000},"page":"327-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel low-cost approach to build large-scale flexible sensors for spatially distributed ground reaction force measurements"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0185-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis F.","family":"Straub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"9149 Institute of Medical Device Technology, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6864-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter P.","family":"Pott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9149 Institute of Medical Device Technology, Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080106581412282_j_bmt-2024-0453_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wottke, D. 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