{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:56:01Z","timestamp":1791294961867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_bmt-2026-0248_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) are both clinically indicated, unpaired image translation may support model development but cannot replace either examination. We evaluated Anatomy-Preserving Contrastive Unpaired Translation (AP-CUT), a CUT-based framework with a CT-source Sobel edge-consistency term for CT\u00a0\u2192\u00a0US translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_bmt-2026-0248_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study used 832 malignant thyroid US images from TN5000 and 800 cervical CT slices from Head-Neck-CHUM. CycleGAN, CUT, and AP-CUT were compared with a low-dimensional Fr\u00e9chet proxy and nearest-neighbor SSIM\/PSNR. Bounding boxes were used only to prepare local US regions for qualitative US\u00a0\u2192\u00a0CT examples. A separate single-run experiment treated 600 CT\u00a0\u2192\u00a0US outputs as malignant-class training examples and evaluated three classifiers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_bmt-2026-0248_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AP-CUT had the highest CT\u00a0\u2192\u00a0US nearest-neighbor SSIM (0.1388), compared with 0.0982 for CUT and 0.1247 for CycleGAN. CycleGAN had the lowest US\u00a0\u2192\u00a0CT proxy FID (10.4; lower is better). In the classification experiment, the absolute AUC change was +0.0002 for ResNet-50, +0.0261 for EfficientNet-B4 (0.7297 to 0.7558), and\u00a0\u22120.0109 for EfficientNet-B4\u00a0+\u00a0CBAM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_bmt-2026-0248_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CT-source regularizer improved one relative structural proxy over CUT, but absolute structural scores remained low. US\u00a0\u2192\u00a0CT outputs are local CT-domain-styled patches rather than reconstructed axial CT images, and the mixed single-run classification results do not establish clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2026-0248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:58:06Z","timestamp":1791291486000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory thyroid ultrasound\u2013computed tomography synthesis using anatomy-preserving contrastive unpaired translation"],"prefix":"10.1515","author":[{"given":"Enhui","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound , Beijing Friendship Hospital , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanxiong","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound , Beijing Friendship Hospital , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound , Beijing Friendship Hospital , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihong","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chifeng TCM & Mongolian Medical Hospital , Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound , Beijing Friendship Hospital , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100612580048592_j_bmt-2026-0248_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitahara, CM, Sosa, JA. 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