{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:56:15Z","timestamp":1791294975501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chagas disease, caused by<jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>infection, is ranked as the most serious parasitic disease in Latin America and has huge potential to become a worldwide problem, due to increasing migration, and international tourism, as well as infectant transfer by blood contact and transfusion, intrauterine transfer, and organ transplantation. Nearly 30% of chronically-infected patients become symptomatic, often with a latency of 10\u201330 years, developing life-threatening complications. Of those, nearly 90% develop Chagas heart disease, while the others manifest gastrointestinal disease and neuronal disorders. Besides interrupting the infection cycle and chemotherapeutic infectant elimination, starting therapy early in symptomatic patients is important for counteracting the disease. This would be essentially supported by optimized patient management, involving risk assessment, early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease and its treatment. From economic and logistic viewpoints, the tools of laboratory medicine should be especially able to guarantee this. After summarizing the basics of chronic Chagas disease, such as the epidemiological data, the pathogenetic mechanisms thought to drive symptomatic Chagas disease and also treatment options, we present tools of laboratory medicine that address patient diagnosis, risk assessment for becoming symptomatic and guidance, focusing on autoantibody estimation for risk assessment and heart marker measurement for patient guidance. In addition, increases in levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers in chronic Chagas disease are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T14:45:23Z","timestamp":1349707523000},"page":"271-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Chronic Chagas disease: from basics to laboratory medicine"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Annekathrin","family":"Haberland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiochemie und Medizinische Chemie, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Gilka","family":"Munoz Saravia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiochemie und Medizinische Chemie, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Wallukat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Delbr\u00fcck-Centrum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Ziebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Laboratoriumsmedizin, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingolf","family":"Schimke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiochemie und Medizinische Chemie, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120920075236031_j_cclm-2012-0316_ref_001","unstructured":"WHO Expert Committee. 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