{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:26:33Z","timestamp":1766492793747},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to test the hypothesis that metabolic and inflammatory responses of the brain perioperatively during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) might affect blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Twenty patients with &gt;70% stenosis of internal carotid artery (ICA) were prospectively included. Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. Blood was sampled from ipsilateral internal jugular vein and radial artery: just before, during, and after ICA clamping S100B protein, glucose, lactate, 20 amino acids, and key cytokines were analysed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Jugular vein S100B increased during clamping and reperfusion, while a marginal systemic increase was recorded, unrelated to stump pressure during clamping. Glucose increased during clamping in jugular vein blood and even more systemically, while jugular lactate values were higher than systemic values initially. Most amino acids did not differ significantly between jugular vein and systemic levels: glutamic acid and aspartic acid decreased during surgery while asparagine increased. Jugular vein interleukin (IL)-6 showed a transient non-significant increase during clamping and decreased systemically. IL-8 and IL-10 increased over time.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Rising jugular vein S100B concentrations indicated reduced BBB integrity, and marginal secondary increase of S100B systemically. Limited ischaemic effects on the brain during cross-clamping, unrelated to S100B concentrations, were confirmed by lower brain glucose levels and higher lactate levels than in systemic blood. The lack of increased jugular vein glutamic acid disproves any major ischaemic brain injury following CEA. The inflammatory response was limited, did not differ greatly between jugular and systemic blood, and was unrelated to S100B.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T08:07:02Z","timestamp":1407830822000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["S100B concentrations increase perioperatively in jugular vein blood despite limited metabolic and inflammatory response to clinically uneventful carotid endarterectomy"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Berndt","family":"Arfvidsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn K.","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Norgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref251","first-page":"39","article-title":"Rapid measurement of serum protein levels by Elecsys immunoassay in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting or endarterectomy","author":"Mussack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"100","article-title":"The distribution of amino acids between plasma and erythrocytes","author":"Hagenfeldt","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref481","first-page":"100","article-title":"The distribution of amino acids between plasma and erythrocytes","author":"Hagenfeldt","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"977","article-title":"CH microdialysis and bedside biochemical analysis in patients with fatal traumatic brain lesions","author":"St\u00e5hl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta"},{"key":"ref471","article-title":"Intravenous glutamine supplementation to head trauma patients leaves cerebral glutamate concentration unaffected Intensive Care","author":"Berg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"3","article-title":"IS BY Polymorphisms in complement component and complement factor increase the risk of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction following carotid endarterectomy","author":"Gigante","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref421","first-page":"271","article-title":"Glycerol production and utilization in humans sites quantitation","author":"Landau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199106000-00008","article-title":"RE Lipolytic response to metabolic stress in critically ill patients","volume":"19","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)00400-5","article-title":"Assessment of perioperative glycerol metabolism by stable isotope tracer technique","volume":"13","author":"Schricker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2007.04.002","article-title":"release during carotid endarterectomy under local anesthesia","volume":"21","author":"Aleksic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199106000-00008","article-title":"RE Lipolytic response to metabolic stress in critically ill patients","volume":"19","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.09.007","article-title":"The substudy of the GLUTAMICS trial : glutamate infusion not associated with sustained elevation of plasma after coronary surgery","volume":"29","author":"Vidlund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2007.04.002","article-title":"release during carotid endarterectomy under local anesthesia","volume":"21","author":"Aleksic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.JNS10899","article-title":"Relation between brain interstitial and systemic glucose concentrations after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"115","author":"Zetterling","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-010-9356-7","article-title":"Lactate flux during carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia : correlation with various point - 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