{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T03:49:28Z","timestamp":1782359368610,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma proadrenomedullin (ProADM) is a blood biomarker that may aid in multidimensional risk assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Co-secreted 1:1 with adrenomedullin (ADM), ProADM is a less biologically active, more chemically stable surrogate for this pluripotent regulatory peptide, which due to biological and ex vivo physical characteristics is difficult to reliably directly quantify. Upregulated by hypoxia, inflammatory cytokines, bacterial products, and shear stress and expressed widely in pulmonary cells and ubiquitously throughout the body, ADM exerts or mediates vasodilatory, natriuretic, diuretic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and metabolic effects. Observational data from four separate studies totaling 1366 patients suggest that as a single factor, ProADM is a significant independent, and accurate, long-term all-cause mortality predictor in COPD. This body of work also suggests that combined with different groups of demographic\/clinical variables, ProADM provides significant incremental long-term mortality prediction power relative to the groups of variables alone. Additionally, the literature contains indications that ProADM may be a global cardiopulmonary stress marker, potentially supplying prognostic information when cardiopulmonary exercise testing results such as 6-min walk distance are unavailable due to time or other resource constraints or to a patient\u2019s advanced disease. Prospective, randomized, controlled interventional studies are needed to demonstrate whether ProADM use in risk-based guidance of site-of-care, monitoring, and treatment decisions improves clinical, quality-of-life, or pharmacoeconomic outcomes in patients with COPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T08:37:19Z","timestamp":1411634239000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The prognostic blood biomarker proadrenomedullin for outcome prediction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a qualitative clinical review"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Schuetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Marlowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beat","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.051110","article-title":"Measurement of midregional proadrenomedullin in plasma with an immunoluminometric assay","author":"Morgenthaler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"194","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding a precursor for human adrenomedullin","author":"Kitamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref1561","first-page":"1047","article-title":"and adrenotensin regulate collagen synthesis and proliferation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells Biological","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450111314020005","article-title":"Systemic biomarkers in the evaluation and management of COPD patients are we getting closer to clinical application","volume":"14","author":"Kostikas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10052","article-title":"discovery structures cardiovascular functions","author":"Kitamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Res Tech"},{"key":"ref1311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-363","article-title":"Pro - 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