{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:02:29Z","timestamp":1772557349169,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) often co-exist, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms that link the two are not fully understood. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A<\/jats:p><jats:p>Sixty-seven lean [39 boys and 28 girls, mean body mass index (BMI) z-score \u20130.2\u00b10.8] and 66 obese (32 boys and 34 girls, mean BMI z-score 4.4\u00b11.2) age-matched (p=0.251) children, aged 6\u201312 years, were studied. BMI z-score was calculated based on the Greek BMI growth curves, and children were categorized as obese according to the Cole criteria. All children underwent physical examination and a fasting morning blood sample was obtained for glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and Lp-PLA2 assessment. Plasma concentrations of Lp-PLA2 were determined by a commercially available Lp-PLA2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (PLAC Test), while other measurements were performed using standard methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Plasma Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly higher in obese children (322.5\u00b177.8 ng\/mL) compared with normal-weight ones (278.0\u00b164.4 ng\/mL, p&lt;0.001). Lp-PLA2 concentrations were significantly correlated with the BMI z-score (p=0.004). Receiver operating characteristic analysis on Lp-PLA2 values resulted in significant areas under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing between obese and normal-weight groups of children (AUC, 0.726; p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>We found significantly higher Lp-PLA2 levels in obese children than lean controls. Interestingly, they all had levels &gt;200 ng\/mL, which are considered to correlate with atherosclerosis and a high thromboembolic risk in adults. The positive correlation of Lp-PLA2 with BMI suggests that Lp-PLA2 might be the link between obesity and increased cardiovascular risk, which can be elevated even at a very young age. Measurement of Lp-PLA2 in plasma could therefore represent a further biomarker for assessing increased CVD risk in obese children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-1081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T08:21:31Z","timestamp":1421050891000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Elevated circulating levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in obese children"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Sophia","family":"Sakka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Siahanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chronis","family":"Voyatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Pervanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kaminioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Lazopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kanaka-Gantenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George P.","family":"Chrousos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Papassotiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref601","first-page":"205","article-title":"twin study of heritability of plasma lipoprotein - 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associated phospholipase and risk of coronary disease stroke mortality collaborative analysis of prospective studies","author":"Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"320","article-title":"Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide : international survey","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref451","first-page":"278063","article-title":"Bis St \u00e1sek Lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A mass level is increased in elderly subjects with type diabetes mellitus","author":"Fortunato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1870","article-title":"ER rd Inhibition of lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A reduces complex coronary atherosclerotic plaque development","volume":"14","author":"Wilensky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"12","article-title":"da IT NR Influence of obesity and cardiometabolic markers on lipoprotein - 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aged non diabetic subjects","volume":"27","author":"Persson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Biol"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"114","article-title":"National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents The fourth report on the diagnosis evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"78","article-title":"Association of lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A activity with components of the metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy boys Agents","author":"Hirschler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Chem"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"111","article-title":"der Meer IM Lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A activity is associated with risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke : the Rotterdam study","author":"Van","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref551","first-page":"114","article-title":"National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents The fourth report on the diagnosis evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"701","article-title":"CD Lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A Lp future risk of type diabetes results from the Cardiovascular Study","author":"Nelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"894","article-title":"preventing and managing the global epidemic Report of a WHO consultation i xii","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obesity World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"ref631","first-page":"374","article-title":"Antiinflammatory properties of a platelet - activating factor acetylhydrolase","author":"Tjoelker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"10","article-title":"Plasmalipoprotein - associated phospholipase A in patients with metabolic syndrome and carotid","author":"Gong","year":"2011","journal-title":"atherosclerosis Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"39","article-title":"Gap analysis of pediatric reference intervals for risk biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome","author":"Mansoub","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"50","article-title":"Lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A mass and activity in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and unaffected siblings : effect of pravastatin","volume":"5","author":"Hutten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"115","article-title":"Local production of lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A and lysophosphatidylcholine in the coronary circulation : association with early coronary atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in humans","volume":"21","author":"Lavi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"10","article-title":"Plasmalipoprotein - associated phospholipase A in patients with metabolic syndrome and carotid","author":"Gong","year":"2011","journal-title":"atherosclerosis Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref661","first-page":"32","article-title":"Lifestyle modification induced weight loss and changes of cardiometabolic risk factors including lowering of inflammatory response in obese children","author":"Motykova","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio0321","article-title":"Lipoprotein - 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