{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:50:30Z","timestamp":1772646630015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2016-0125_s_999_w2aab3b8c73b1b7b1aab1c15b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p> Infections from microorganisms and parasites have been connected with either increased or decreased cancer risk. The objective of this study was to investigate whether infection by <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> is associated with cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2016-0125_s_998_w2aab3b8c73b1b7b1aab1c15b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p> We assembled a pilot retrospective cohort of patients who were diagnosed as being infected by <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> in Cyprus between 1930 and 2011. Age\/gender-matched non-infected family members and neighbors were selected as references. Medical history was ascertained from each study subject through in-person interview. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess the association of being infected by <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> with cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2016-0125_s_997_w2aab3b8c73b1b7b1aab1c15b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p> Individuals with prior infection by <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> (n=249) were more likely to have cancer compared to those without infection (n=753), 11.65% vs. 8.37% (p=0.0492). Survival analysis also showed that subjects with prior infection had a higher risk for developing cancer. The hazards ratio (HR) was 1.595, [95% confidence interval (CI) between 1.008 and 2.525]. The risk ratio did not change significantly (HR=1.536; 95% CI: 0.965\u20132.445) after adjusting for gender, year of birth, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and family history of cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2016-0125_s_996_w2aab3b8c73b1b7b1aab1c15b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p> Our study suggests that infection by <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> may increase cancer risk. If this observation can be confirmed independently, further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the association is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T10:09:15Z","timestamp":1477994955000},"page":"1955-1961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Association between <i>Echinococcus granulosus<\/i> infection and cancer risk \u2013 a pilot study in Cyprus"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Katerina","family":"Oikonomopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella K.","family":"Vasiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davor","family":"Brinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Christofi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Theodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European University, Nicosia, Cyprus ; and Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavlos","family":"Pavlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hadjisavvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electron Microscopy\/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiana A.","family":"Demetriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electron Microscopy\/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyriacos","family":"Kyriacou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electron Microscopy\/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 6 International Airport Avenue, Agios Dometios, Nicosia 2370, P.O. 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