{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:13:16Z","timestamp":1790997196467,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phosphatidylethanols (PEth) are formed from phosphatidylcholines and ethanol and are used as a specific and sensitive alcohol biomarker. An analytical method for analysis of PEth in oral fluid based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS\/MS) was developed and validated and applied on samples collected from patients undergoing alcohol detoxification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 200-\u03bcL aliquot of oral fluid, collected using the Quantisal<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The detection limit for PEth 16:0\/16:0, 16:0\/18:1, and 16:0\/18:2 was ~0.1 ng\/mL, and the extraction recoveries at 2.0 ng\/mL were in the range of 99%\u2013114%. Method linearity over a concentration range up to 200 ng\/mL was \u22650.99. No significant deviation in results was observed in an analyte stability study of two different concentrations at two different temperatures over 3 months. In 35 oral fluid samples collected from patients undergoing alcohol detoxification, the highest concentration was observed for PEth 16:0\/18:1 (Detected range, 0.51\u201355.3 ng\/mL; mean, 8.5; median, 3.1). In addition, all three PEth forms were variably identified in a majority (63%) of the oral fluid samples. The PEth 16:0\/18:1 values in oral fluid showed a weak positive correlation with the corresponding values in whole blood samples (r=0.50, p=0.026, n=20).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The LC-MS\/MS method could reliably detect and quantify PEth in oral fluid samples collected after alcohol exposure. The method was characterized by validation data with satisfactory recovery, sensitivity, accuracy, and imprecision, and applied for analysis of clinical samples. The results suggest that measurement of PEth in oral fluid can be used as a biomarker for alcohol consumption, and as such a non-invasive complement to analysis in blood. However, further studies are required to evaluate the test characteristics (e.g. sensitivity and half-life) in comparison with PEth in blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,18]],"date-time":"2016-12-18T10:01:15Z","timestamp":1482055275000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification and quantitation of phosphatidylethanols in oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Shahid","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Helander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/0036933013482640","article-title":"Oral fluid testing as an alternative to urine testing for drugs of abuse in inpatient forensic settings: giving patients choice","volume":"58","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/ags065","article-title":"Monitoring of the alcohol biomarkers PEth, CDT and EtG\/EtS in an outpatient treatment setting","volume":"47","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00691-8","article-title":"Chromatographic methods for the determination of markers of chronic and acute alcohol consumption","volume":"781","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.09.068","article-title":"Quantitative profiling of phosphatidylethanol molecular species in human blood by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"1218","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.278","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanol in blood (B-PEth): a marker for alcohol use and abuse","volume":"3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Test 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from alcoholic males using high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering or electrospray mass spectrometric detection","volume":"705","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl"},{"key":"ref551","first-page":"1747","article-title":"National harmonization of the alcohol biomarker PEth","volume":"110","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(00)00291-6","article-title":"Normalization rate and cellular localization of phosphatidylethanol in whole blood from chronic alcoholics","volume":"299","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.14.194","article-title":"Trends in drug testing in oral fluid and hair as alternative 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