{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:12:24Z","timestamp":1719187944438},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Errors in the preanalytical phase in clinical laboratories affect patient safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intensive educational efforts together with external quality assessment (EQA) of the preanalytical phase from 2013 to 2015 to improve patient identification in primary health care in Norway. In addition, routines for venous and capillary blood sampling were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A preanalytical EQA was circulated in 2013 by the Norwegian Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus) to general practitioner offices and nursing homes (n=2000) to obtain information about important issues to focus on before launching an intensive educational program with courses, posters and visits in 2013\u20132015. Preanalytical EQA surveys were further circulated in 2014 and 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The response rate varied between 42% and 55%. The percentages of participants asking for the patients\u2019 name and the Norwegian identification number increased from about 8% in 2013 to about 35% in 2015. The increase was similar for those participating in only one EQA survey and for those who participated in EQA surveys both in 2013 and 2015. Guidelines for venous and capillary blood sampling were not always followed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Educational efforts more than the preanalytical EQA influenced the actions and resulted in an increase in the percentages of participants that followed the guidelines for patient identification. Some aspects of blood sampling routines need improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-1152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]],"date-time":"2017-05-06T11:26:03Z","timestamp":1494069963000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intensive educational efforts combined with external quality assessment improve the preanalytical phase in general practitioner offices and nursing homes"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Una \u00d8rvim","family":"S\u00f8lvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenche Iren","family":"Bjelkar\u00f8y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari van den","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Lise","family":"Saga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helle Borgstr\u00f8m","family":"Hager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sverre","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref521","first-page":"105","article-title":"Harmonization of pre-analytical quality indicators","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"key":"ref671","first-page":"1","article-title":"Associations between workplace affiliation and phlebotomy practices regarding patient identification and test request handling practices in primary healthcare centres: a multilevel model approach","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Ser Res. BioMed Central;"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.02.016","article-title":"Preanalytical venous blood sampling practices demand improvement\u2013a survey of test-request management, test-tube labelling and information search procedures","volume":"391","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.06.001","article-title":"The cost of poor blood specimen quality and errors in preanalytical processes","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-463","article-title":"Impact of a large-scale educational intervention program on venous blood specimen collection practices","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Ser Res"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.4.569","article-title":"Normal variation of plasma lipoproteins: postural effects on plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins","volume":"38","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2009.01179.x","article-title":"Is the test result correct? A questionnaire study of blood collection practices in primary health care","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"114","article-title":"How to conduct external quality assessment schemes for the pre-analytical phase?","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2009.01179.x","article-title":"Is the test result correct? A questionnaire study of blood collection practices in primary health care","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14546-1","article-title":"From best evidence to best practice: effective implementation of change in patients\u2019 care","volume":"362","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.175711","article-title":"Exploring the initial steps of the testing process: frequency and nature of pre-preanalytic errors","volume":"58","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.4.569","article-title":"Normal variation of plasma lipoproteins: postural effects on plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins","volume":"38","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"195","article-title":"Preanalytical errors in primary healthcare: a questionnaire study of information search procedures, test request management and test tube labelling","volume":"47","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510701370675","article-title":"Patient-centred care\u2013preanalytical factors demand attention: a questionnaire study of venous blood sampling and specimen handling","volume":"67","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"750","article-title":"Errors in clinical laboratories or errors in laboratory medicine?","volume":"44","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-1106-IEICL","article-title":"Identification errors involving clinical laboratories: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of patient and specimen identification errors at 120 institutions","volume":"130","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.5858\/2002-126-1036-QT","article-title":"Q-tracks: a College of American Pathologists program of continuous laboratory monitoring and longitudinal tracking","volume":"126","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"49","article-title":"Ten years of preanalytical monitoring and control: synthetic balanced score card indicator","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-1106-IEICL","article-title":"Identification errors involving clinical laboratories: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of patient and specimen identification errors at 120 institutions","volume":"130","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"463","article-title":"Monitoring quality indicators in laboratory medicine does not automatically result in quality improvement","volume":"50","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.259093","article-title":"Effect of participating in a quality improvement system over time for point-of-care c-reactive protein, glucose, and hemoglobin testing","volume":"62","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.175711","article-title":"Exploring the initial steps of the testing process: frequency and nature of pre-preanalytic errors","volume":"58","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.088344","article-title":"Errors in a stat laboratory: types and frequencies 10 years later","volume":"53","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.03.025","article-title":"The IFCC working group on laboratory errors and patient safety","volume":"404","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011088","article-title":"Quality indicators for laboratory diagnostics: consensus is needed","volume":"48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14546-1","article-title":"From best evidence to best practice: effective implementation of change in patients\u2019 care","volume":"362","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Compliance of blood sampling procedures with the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines: an observational study by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) working group for the preanalytical phase (WG-PRE)","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref611","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Reducing preanalytical laboratory sample errors through educational and technological interventions","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011088","article-title":"Quality indicators for laboratory diagnostics: consensus is needed","volume":"48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2009.009222","article-title":"The detection and prevention of errors in laboratory medicine","volume":"47","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.07.033","article-title":"Quality indicators to detect pre-analytical errors in laboratory testing","volume":"432","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"105","article-title":"Harmonization of pre-analytical quality indicators","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2009.009222","article-title":"The detection and prevention of errors in laboratory medicine","volume":"47","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref571","first-page":"530","article-title":"Spanish Preanalytical Quality Monitoring Program (SEQC), an overview of 12 years\u2019 experience","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.02.016","article-title":"Preanalytical venous blood sampling practices demand improvement\u2013a survey of test-request management, test-tube labelling and information search procedures","volume":"391","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-1089","article-title":"Patient identification and tube labelling \u2013 a call for harmonisation","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-1089","article-title":"Patient identification and tube labelling \u2013 a call for harmonisation","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.03.025","article-title":"The IFCC working group on laboratory errors and patient safety","volume":"404","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.07.033","article-title":"Quality indicators to detect pre-analytical errors in laboratory testing","volume":"432","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"ref311","first-page":"1","article-title":"Associations between workplace affiliation and phlebotomy practices regarding patient identification and test request handling practices in primary healthcare centres: a multilevel model approach","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Ser Res. BioMed Central;"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.06.001","article-title":"The cost of poor blood specimen quality and errors in preanalytical processes","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12125","article-title":"Reduction of preanalytical errors in laboratory by establishment and application of training system","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Evi-Base Med"},{"key":"ref491","first-page":"195","article-title":"Preanalytical errors in primary healthcare: a questionnaire study of information search procedures, test request management and test tube labelling","volume":"47","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.5858\/2002-126-1036-QT","article-title":"Q-tracks: a College of American Pathologists program of continuous laboratory monitoring and longitudinal tracking","volume":"126","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.8.1348","article-title":"Mistakes in a stat laboratory: types and frequency","volume":"43","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.8.1348","article-title":"Mistakes in a stat laboratory: types and frequency","volume":"43","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"750","article-title":"Errors in clinical laboratories or errors in laboratory medicine?","volume":"44","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"530","article-title":"Spanish Preanalytical Quality Monitoring Program (SEQC), an overview of 12 years\u2019 experience","volume":"55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Compliance of blood sampling procedures with the CLSI H3-A6 guidelines: an observational study by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) working group for the preanalytical phase (WG-PRE)","volume":"53","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-463","article-title":"Impact of a large-scale educational intervention program on venous blood specimen collection practices","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Ser Res"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12125","article-title":"Reduction of preanalytical errors in laboratory by establishment and application of training system","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Evi-Base Med"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510701370675","article-title":"Patient-centred care\u2013preanalytical factors demand attention: a questionnaire study of venous blood sampling and specimen handling","volume":"67","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Reducing preanalytical laboratory sample errors through educational and technological interventions","volume":"46","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"ref621","first-page":"49","article-title":"Ten years of preanalytical monitoring and control: synthetic balanced score card indicator","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref631","first-page":"463","article-title":"Monitoring quality indicators in laboratory medicine does not automatically result in quality improvement","volume":"50","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.088344","article-title":"Errors in a stat laboratory: types and frequencies 10 years later","volume":"53","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref541","first-page":"114","article-title":"How to conduct external quality assessment schemes for the pre-analytical phase?","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.259093","article-title":"Effect of participating in a quality improvement system over time for point-of-care c-reactive protein, glucose, and hemoglobin testing","volume":"62","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/cclm.2017.55.issue-12\/cclm-2016-1152\/cclm-2016-1152.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2016-1152\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T23:51:38Z","timestamp":1719186698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/cclm-2016-1152\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2016-1152","relation":{},"ISSN":["1437-4331","1434-6621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1437-4331","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1434-6621","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]}}}