{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:18:44Z","timestamp":1778505524293,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2017-1152_s_999_w2aab3b7c69b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are found in &gt;90% of primary biliary cholangitis patients. Anti-rods\/rings antibodies (anti-RR) are most commonly associated with interferon-\u03b1 and ribavirin treatment in hepatitis C patients. Clinical laboratories routinely screen for AMA and anti-RR using indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2-IFA). Therefore, we sought to establish reference materials for use in AMA and anti-RR testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2017-1152_s_998_w2aab3b7c69b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AMA-positive and anti-RR-positive human plasma samples (AMA-REF and RR-REF), identified as potential reference materials based on preliminary data, were further validated by multiple laboratories using HEp-2-IFA, immunoprecipitation (IP), western blotting, IP-western, line immunoassay (LIA), addressable laser bead immunoassay (ALBIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2017-1152_s_997_w2aab3b7c69b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AMA-REF showed a strong positive cytoplasmic reticular\/AMA staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA to \u22651:1280 dilution and positive signal on rodent kidney\/stomach\/liver tissue. AMA-REF reacted with E2\/E3, E3BP, E1\u03b1 and E1\u03b2 subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by IP and western blotting and was positive for AMA antigens by LIA, ALBIA and ELISA. RR-REF showed a strong positive rods and rings staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA to \u22651:1280 dilution. RR-REF reacted with inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase by IP, IP-western and ALBIA. RR-REF also produced a nuclear homogenous staining pattern by HEp-2-IFA, immunoprecipitated proteins associated with anti-U1RNP antibody and reacted weakly with histones, nucleosomes, Sm and nRNP\/Sm by LIA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2017-1152_s_996_w2aab3b7c69b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AMA-REF and RR-REF are useful reference materials for academic or commercial clinical laboratories to calibrate and establish internal reference standards for immunodiagnostic assays. AMA-REF and RR-REF are now available for free distribution to qualified laboratories through Plasma Services Group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-1152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T22:16:54Z","timestamp":1519856214000},"page":"1789-1798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Reference standards for the detection of anti-mitochondrial and anti-rods\/rings autoantibodies"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"S. John","family":"Calise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Isailovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Metabolism , Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano, Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Ceribelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Metabolism , Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano, Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis E.C.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina , Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"},{"name":"Immunology Division , Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Boylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Plasma Services Group, Inc. , Huntingdon Valley, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cavazzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Science , University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia , Brescia , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marvin J.","family":"Fritzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio Garcia","family":"de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology , Hospital General de Occidente and University of Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Hiepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin and Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Plasma Services Group, Inc. , Huntingdon Valley, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Selmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Metabolism , Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano, Milan , Italy"},{"name":"BIOMETRA Department , University of Milan , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yehuda","family":"Shoenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer , Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Tincani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Science , University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia , Brescia , Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward K.L.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112819594134981_j_cclm-2017-1152_ref_001_w2aab3b7c69b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meroni PL, Schur PH. 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