{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:04:52Z","timestamp":1777532692552,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2018-0579_s_999_w2aab3b7d135b1b6b1aab1c15b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nowadays over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and dietary supplements are widely used. Their use can have a significant impact on the validity of laboratory results. The aim of this multicenter European study was to determine the frequency of consumption of various dietary products and OTC drugs among patients and explore their level of knowledge and awareness about the potential impact of various products on laboratory test results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2018-0579_s_998_w2aab3b7d135b1b6b1aab1c15b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eighteen European countries participated in this study. The survey was carried out anonymously on a subsequent series of outpatients (n=200) in each participating country. Included were patients who were referred to the laboratory for blood sampling and who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The survey included questions about the frequency of consumption of various products, awareness of the importance of informing physicians and laboratory staff about it and information about influence of preanalytical factors in general on laboratory test results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2018-0579_s_997_w2aab3b7d135b1b6b1aab1c15b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 68% of patients were regularly taking at least one OTC drug or dietary supplement. The frequency of patients consuming at least one OTC drug or dietary supplement differed between countries (p=0.001). Vitamins (38%), minerals (34%), cranberry juice (20%), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (17%) and omega fatty acids (17%) were the most commonly used in our study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2018-0579_s_996_w2aab3b7d135b1b6b1aab1c15b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of various OTC drugs and dietary supplements is highly prevalent in Europe and patients are often not willing to disclose this information to the laboratory staff and ordering physician. The education of both patients and healthcare staff is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-0579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]],"date-time":"2018-07-28T22:15:33Z","timestamp":1532816133000},"page":"183-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Patient\u2019s knowledge and awareness about the effect of the over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and dietary supplements on laboratory test results: a survey in 18 European countries"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Simundic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh , Zagreb , Croatia , E-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Filipi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics , University Hospital Centre Split , Split , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alen","family":"Vrtaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marijana","family":"Miler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Nikolac Gabaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kocsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics , J\u00f3sa University Hospital , M\u00e1t\u00e9szalka, Feh\u00e9rgyarmat, Ny\u00edrb\u00e1tor , Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Avram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Laboratory Diagnostics , University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska , Banja Luka , Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najdana","family":"Gligorovic Barhanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Center of Montenegro , Podgorica , Montenegro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anyla","family":"Bulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Department, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory , University Hospital Center \u201cMother Teresa\u201d, University of Medicine , Tirana , Albania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Cadamuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmee","family":"van Dongen-Lases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinar","family":"Eker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umraniye Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Vital-e-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Center , Porto , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgenija","family":"Homsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Laboratory Diagnostics , University Clinical Centre Maribor , Maribor , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Ibarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Department , University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida , Lleida , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danica","family":"Labudovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ME Biochemistry, School of Medicine , SsCyril and Methodius University in Skopje , Skopje , Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mads","family":"Nybo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hedviga","family":"Pivovarn\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"synlab slovakia s.r.o. Pre\u0161ov, Private Diagnostic Laboratory, Hospital Jan Adam Reiman , Pre\u0161ov , Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Shmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Clinical Hospital Saint Luke , Saint Petersburg , Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Siodmiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , Bydgoszcz , Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zorica","family":"Sumarac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Policlinic Laboratory Diagnostics Department, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalius","family":"Vitkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021304160876638_j_cclm-2018-0579_ref_001_w2aab3b7d135b1b6b1ab2b2b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaneko R, Ohishi C, Kim M, Shiina M, Kusayanagi S, Ogawa M, et al. 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