{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:21:43Z","timestamp":1783948903440,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555286400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2019-0034_s_999_w2aab3b7c87b1b6b1aab1c16b1Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C and tenascin-R are extracellular matrix proteins present in brain that show increased expression in experimental animal models of brain injury. However, little is known about the dynamics of these proteins in human body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aims of this study were to investigate if matrix proteins in CSF and serum are associated with functional outcome following traumatic brain injury, if their concentrations change over time and to compare their levels between brain injured patients to controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2019-0034_s_998_w2aab3b7c87b1b6b1aab1c16b2Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 42 traumatic brain injury patients, nine healthy controls and a contrast group consisting of 38 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients were included. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure the concentrations of proteins.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2019-0034_s_997_w2aab3b7c87b1b6b1aab1c16b3Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Increased concentrations of brevican, tenascin-C and tenascin-R in CSF correlated with unfavourable outcome, with stronger outcome prediction ability compared to other biomarkers of brain tissue injury. CSF brevican, tenascin-R and serum neurocan gradually decreased with time (p\u2009=\u20090.04, p\u2009=\u20090.008, p\u2009=\u20090.005, respectively), while serum tenascin-C (p\u2009=\u20090.01) increased. CSF concentrations of brevican, neurocan and tenascin-R (only in time point 3) after TBI were lower than in the idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, and p\u2009=\u20090.0008, respectively). In serum, tenascin-C concentration was higher and neurocan lower compared to healthy controls (p\u2009=\u20090.02 and p\u2009=\u20090.0009).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2019-0034_s_996_w2aab3b7c87b1b6b1aab1c16b4Aa\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings indicate that levels of extracellular matrix proteins are associated with clinical outcome following TBI and may act as markers for different pathophysiology than currently used protein biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T14:49:11Z","timestamp":1555166951000},"page":"1565-1573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dynamics of extracellular matrix proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum and their relation to clinical outcome in human traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Minta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiez Al","family":"Nimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric P.","family":"Thelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Piehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Clarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Tullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jeppsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Portelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology , Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology , Sahlgrenska Academy at 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