{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T09:07:31Z","timestamp":1772096851325,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2021-1248_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) are used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes and to triage patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of CRC for further bowel investigations. There are a number of quantitative FIT analytical systems available. Currently, there is no harmonisation or standardisation of FIT methods. The aim of the study was to assess the comparability of numerical faecal haemoglobin concentrations (f-Hb) obtained with four quantitative FIT systems and the diagnostic accuracy at different f-Hb thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2021-1248_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A subgroup of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) FIT study, a multicentre, prospective diagnostic accuracy study were sent four FIT specimen collection devices from four different FIT systems or two FIT devices for one FIT system. Faecal samples were examined and analysis of results carried out to assess difference between methods at thresholds of limit of detection (LoD), 10\u00a0\u00b5g haemoglobin\/g faeces (\u00b5g\/g) and 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/g.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2021-1248_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>233 patients returned specimen collection devices for examination on four different systems; 189 patients returned two FIT kits for one system. At a threshold of 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/g the sensitivity is the same for all methods. At lower thresholds of LoD and 10\u00a0\u03bcg\/g differences were observed between systems in terms of patients who would be referred and diagnostic accuracies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2021-1248_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The lack of standardisation or harmonisation of FIT means that differences are observed in f-Hb generated on different systems. Further work is required to understand the clinical impact of these differences and to minimise them.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-1248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T05:22:55Z","timestamp":1653974575000},"page":"1278-1286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A comparison of the faecal haemoglobin concentrations and diagnostic accuracy in patients suspected with colorectal cancer and serious bowel disease as reported on four different faecal immunochemical test systems"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9230-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally C.","family":"Benton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry , Royal Surrey County Hospital, Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services , Guildford , Surrey , UK"},{"name":"NHS Bowel Cancer Screening South of England Hub , Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services , Guildford , Surrey , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6343-6202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Piggott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Bowel Cancer Screening South of England Hub , Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services , Guildford , Surrey , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7487-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahida","family":"Zahoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Bowel Cancer Screening South of England Hub , Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services , Guildford , Surrey , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8693-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"O\u2019Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Bowel Cancer Screening South of England Hub , Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services , Guildford , Surrey , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1333-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Callum G.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening, Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine , University of Dundee , Scotland , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery , Croydon University Hospital , Croydon , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development , RM Partners, the West London Cancer Alliance , London , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Georgiou Delisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery , Croydon University Hospital , Croydon , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muti","family":"Abulafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery , Croydon University Hospital , Croydon , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033111252068914_j_cclm-2021-1248_ref_001","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. In: NICE Guideline (NG12). London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2017."},{"key":"2023033111252068914_j_cclm-2021-1248_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pin Vieito, N, Puga, M, Fernandez-de-Castro, D, Cubiella, J. Faecal immunochemical test outside colorectal cancer screening? World J Gastroenterol 2021;27:6415\u201329.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i38.6415"},{"key":"2023033111252068914_j_cclm-2021-1248_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daly, JM, Xu, Y, Levy, BT. Which fecal immunochemical test should I choose? J Prim Care Community Health 2017;8:264\u201377.","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131917705206"},{"key":"2023033111252068914_j_cclm-2021-1248_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benton, SC, Symonds, E, Djedovic, N, Jones, S, Deprez, L, Kocna, P, et al.. Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin: analytical challenges and potential solutions. 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