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Sweden","award":["#FO2019-0228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#FO2019-0228"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2022-0097_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels and kinetics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of inflammation and brain injury in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2022-0097_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adult patients with clinically suspected LNB were enrolled, in a prospective clinical study in the South East of Sweden. Patients were classified according to the European Federation of Neurological Societies\u2019 guidelines. Definite cases of LNB were re-examined one month later including a repeat CSF investigation. Routine laboratory parameters were investigated along with CSF levels of neurodegenerative markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), total tau (t-tau) and neurofilament light protein (NFL), as well as neuroinflammatory markers soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), YKL-40 and CXCL13. Non-LNB served as controls. An additional comparison group consisted of spinal anesthesia subjects (SAS) without known central nervous system conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2022-0097_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CSF levels of sTREM2 and CXCL13 were elevated in definite LNB patients at diagnosis compared with non-LNB patients (p&lt;0.001) and SAS (p\u22640.01). In addition, CSF levels of sTREM2, YKL-40 and CXCL13 rapidly declined in at follow-up after antibiotic treatment. In contrast, CSF levels of GFAp and t-tau did not differ across LNB groups, and did not change after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2022-0097_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although in a limited number of LNB patients, the results indicate a predominance of microglial and neuroinflammatory involvement rather than parenchymal CNS injury in CSF at diagnosis of LNB with a prompt decline after antibiotic treatment. The findings provide pathogenetic insights and may be of value in differential diagnosis of CSF findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T15:59:52Z","timestamp":1651507192000},"page":"1124-1132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid markers of inflammation and brain injury in Lyme neuroborreliosis\u00a0\u2013 a prospective follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8657-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivar","family":"Tjernberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Region Kalmar County , Kalmar , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Gyllemark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ryhov County Hospital, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County , J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease , UCL Institute of Neurology , Queen Square, London , UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL , London , UK"},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases , Hong Kong , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry , Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , M\u00f6lndal , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Ernerudh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Sj\u00f6wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases in \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna J.","family":"Henningsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Borrelia and Other Tick-Borne Bacteria, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology in Link\u00f6ping , Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033113231536710_j_cclm-2022-0097_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanek, G, Wormser, GP, Gray, J, Strle, F. 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