{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:22:04Z","timestamp":1780384924697,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2022-0423_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cryofibrinogen (CF) is an abnormal protein in plasma that precipitates at 4\u00a0\u00b0C and dissolves at 37\u00a0\u00b0C. Whilst serum cryoglobulins (CGs) analysis is common practice, CF investigation is rarely performed. This study aims to describe the testing methodology developed at our laboratory, potential pitfalls for all analytical phases, the distribution among hospital wards and clinical conditions underlying test requests and clinical conditions in which to order CF analysis is useful.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2022-0423_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of laboratory samples received between January 2019 and June 2021 with CF testing requests.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2022-0423_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A complete protocol for CF pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases are supplied. Most test requests were received from the rheumatology department for systemic sclerosis or liver transplant screening. Among the 103 in-patients included, CF+ was confirmed in 68 patients (66%). Of observed CF+ patients (n=68) most cases were CGs\u2212 (n=44, 67%). Isolated CF was found in 43% of the cases. Among CF\u2212 patients (n=35; 34%) only 2 patients had positive CGs (CGs+). Among rheumatology patients (n=66), isolated CF+ was observed in 45% (n=30\/66), whilst among patients with systemic sclerosis with CF+ (n=19), isolated CF+ was detected in 79% (n=15\/19).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2022-0423_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Described analytical procedures may be used for the creation of harmonized recommendations and indications for CF analysis. Isolated CF positivity among hospitalized patients, predominantly rheumatology and systemic sclerosis patients, appears higher than rates previously reported in literature. We propose CF test recommendations should be included in investigation protocols for diseases where cryofibrinogenemia may occur.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2022-0423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T09:48:12Z","timestamp":1662716892000},"page":"1796-1803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of cryoproteins with a focus on cryofibrinogen: a study on 103 patients"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Natali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria e Azienda USL di Modena , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Debbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria e Azienda USL di Modena , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Cucinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria e Azienda USL di Modena , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Trenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria e Azienda USL di Modena , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Amati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Rheumatology\u00a0\u2013 Department of Maternal, Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Spinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Rheumatology\u00a0\u2013 Department of Maternal, Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilia","family":"Giuggioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Rheumatology\u00a0\u2013 Department of Maternal, Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria T.","family":"Mascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Rheumatology\u00a0\u2013 Department of Maternal, Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda","family":"Sandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Rheumatology\u00a0\u2013 Department of Maternal, Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences , Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023033113340196964_j_cclm-2022-0423_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaud, M, Pourrat, J. 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