{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:46:20Z","timestamp":1747197980533,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2023-1013_abs_001\">\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To create a supervised machine learning algorithm aimed at predicting an optimal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dilution when determining virus specific antibody indices to reduce the need for repeated tests.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2023-1013_abs_002\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CatBoost model was trained, optimized, and tested on a dataset with five input variables: albumin quotient, immunoglobulin G (IgG) in CSF, IgG quotient (QIgG), intrathecal synthesis (ITS) and limes quotient (LIM IgG). Albumin and IgG concentrations in CSF and serum were performed by immunonephelometry on Atellica NEPH 630 (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) and ITS and LIM IgG were calculated according to Reiber. Concentrations of IgG antibodies to measles, rubella, varicella zoster and herpes simplex 1\/2 viruses were analysed in CSF and serum by ELISA (Euroimmun, L\u00fcbeck, Germany). Optimal CSF dilution was defined for each virus and used as a classification variable while the standard operating procedure was set to start at 2\u00d7-dilution of CSF.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2023-1013_abs_003\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The dataset included 571 samples with the imbalanced distribution of the optimal CSF dilutions: 2\u00d7 dilution n=440, 3\u00d7 dilution n=109, 4\u00d7 dilution n=22. The optimized CatBoost model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) score of 0.971, and a test accuracy of 0.900. The model falsely classified 14 (9.9\u202f%) samples of the testing set but reduced the need for repeated testing compared to the standard protocol by 42\u202f%. The output of the CatBoost model is mostly dependant on the QIgG, ITS and CSF IgG variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2023-1013_abs_004\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An accurate algorithm was achieved for predicting the optimal CSF dilution, which reduces the number of test repeats.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-1013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T19:20:31Z","timestamp":1696274431000},"page":"436-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Machine learning to optimize cerebrospinal fluid dilution for analysis of MRZH reaction"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8138-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Tur\u010di\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics , University Hospital Centre Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrija","family":"\u0160tajduhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrija \u0160tampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u017deljka","family":"Vogrinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics , University Hospital Centre Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ljiljana","family":"Zaninovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics , University Hospital Centre Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunja","family":"Rogi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics , University Hospital Centre Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024012313272700113_j_cclm-2023-1013_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carobene, A, Cabitza, F, Bernardini, S, Gopalan, R, Lennerz, JK, Weir, C, et al.. 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