{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T09:27:52Z","timestamp":1793179672506,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Department \u2013 KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens Greece"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2024-1034_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains challenging to diagnose effectively in the emergency department. Abbott has developed the \u201cGFAP\/UCH-L1\u201d mTBI test, to guide the clinical decision to perform a computed tomography (CT) head scan by ruling out the presence of mTBI. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the \u201cGFAP\/UCH-L1\u201d mTBI test in a Greek cohort and established age-dependent cut-offs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2024-1034_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 362 subjects with suspected mTBI and admitted to the Emergency department of the KAT General Hospital of Athens, Greece were recruited for the study. All subjects underwent a CT head scan to establish the diagnosis of mTBI. GFAP and UCH-L1 were measured using Alinity I (Abbott). 163 healthy subjects served as controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2024-1034_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the manufacturer\u2019s cut-offs (35\u202fng\/L for GFAP and 400\u202fng\/L for UCH-L1), the \u201cGFAP\/UCH-L1\u201d mTBI test had a sensitivity of 99.1\u202f% and a specificity of 40.6\u202f%. However, the specificity dropped to 14.9\u202f% in patients older than 65 years old. By defining a new cut-off of 115\u202fng\/L for GFAP and 335\u202fng\/L specifically for patients older than 65 years, specificity was increased up to 30.6\u202f% without changing test sensitivity and the number of CT head scans avoided was doubled in this subgroup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2024-1034_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cGFAP\/UCH-L1\u201d mTBI test is an efficient \u201crule-out test\u201d to exclude patients suffering from mTBI. By adjusting the cut-offs in patients older than 65 years old, we could significantly increase the number of CT head scans avoided without affecting the sensitivity. These new cut-offs should be externally validated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2024-1034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T21:21:12Z","timestamp":1732656072000},"page":"995-1003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Increased specificity of the \u201cGFAP\/UCH-L1\u201d mTBI rule-out test by age dependent cut-offs"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5316-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Ladang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University of Liege, CIRM , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Vavoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department\u00a0\u2013 KAT General Hospital , Kifissia , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioulia","family":"Trifonidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Department\u00a0\u2013 KAT General Hospital , Kifissia , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Calluy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University of Liege, CIRM , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Karagianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department\u00a0\u2013 KAT General Hospital , Kifissia , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Mitropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department\u00a0\u2013 KAT General Hospital , Kifissia , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Vlachos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department\u00a0\u2013 KAT General Hospital , Kifissia , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Cavalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry , University of Liege, CIRM , Li\u00e8ge , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7896-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Makris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Department\u00a0\u2013 KAT General Hospital , Kifissia , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052614163643250_j_cclm-2024-1034_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korley, FK, Kelen, GD, Jones, CM, Diaz-Arrastia, R. 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