{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:29:00Z","timestamp":1781630940794,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022R1F1A1073963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1073963"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0017_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite its utility, interpreting multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) data for hematologic malignancy remains time-intensive and complex. This study evaluated the applicability of two dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithms, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), to MFC data of hematologic malignancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0017_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 237 samples were re-analyzed by t-SNE- and UMAP-based gating: 80 with acute leukemia orientation tube panel, 42 with B-cell lymphoma (BCL) panel, 45 with multiple myeloma (MM) panel, 40 and 30 with measurable residual disease (MRD) panels for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-MRD) and MM (MM-MRD), respectively. Each result was compared to the manual gating, and sensitivity and precision were assessed using BCL and B-MRD panels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0017_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to manual gating, DR-based gating demonstrated agreements over 95.0\u202f% for all MFC panels, and quantitative correlations (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) exceeded 0.94. Both t-SNE- and UMAP-based gating showed a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100\u202f%. Also, in one sample each from the BCL and MM-MRD panels, DR-based gating identified populations that were missed by manual gating. Sensitivity evaluation showed that both t-SNE- and UMAP-based gating successfully identified MRD populations down to the lowest MRD level of 10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22125.30<\/jats:sup>\n                      when applying primary-gating strategy for CD19-positive population. Precision evaluation showed coefficient of variation below 10\u202f% across all levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0017_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that DR-based gating streamlines data interpretation and minimizes overlooked populations, demonstrating significant potential as a valuable tool in MFC analysis for hematologic malignancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T12:10:13Z","timestamp":1740571813000},"page":"1432-1442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessing the clinical applicability of dimensionality reduction algorithms in flow cytometry for hematologic malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4482-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Seung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Kwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics , 36626 Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5695-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boram","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics , 36626 Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6744-0412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Young","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 36626 Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5980-7912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keon Hee","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , 36626 Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5474-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul Won","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine , 36626 Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3741-4613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics , 36626 Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics , 36626 Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051214225321978_j_cclm-2025-0017_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, BL, Arroz, M, Barnett, D, DiGiuseppe, J, Greig, B, Kussick, SJ, et al.. 2006 Bethesda International Consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematolymphoid neoplasia by flow cytometry: optimal reagents and reporting for the flow cytometric diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasia. 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