{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:51:07Z","timestamp":1785873067863,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0098_abs_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Potential coeliac disease (PCD) is defined by the presence of positive CD-specific autoantibodies with a normal\/extremely mildly damaged intestinal mucosa. This study sought to examine the progression of PCD in children maintaining a gluten-containing diet and to identify risk factors associated with the onset of CD. A comparative literature review was conducted to assess the results in the context of existing evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0098_abs_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was performed on 67 children diagnosed with PCD between January 2005 and January 2022, with a maximum follow up of 53\u00a0months. The associations between baseline clinical characteristics and the development of CD were assessed using hazard ratios\u00a0(HR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0098_abs_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen percent (19\u202f%) (12\/67, cumulative incidence) of PCD children, with a median age of 4.3\u202fyears, progressed to CD during a median follow up period of 30\u202fmonths. A fluctuating trend in tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) levels was observed in 35.8\u202f% (24\/67) of the children, while 46.2\u202f% (31\/67) showed tTG-IgA negativization. In univariable analysis, the presence of autoimmune disease and one-year increase in age at diagnosis were significantly associated with CD progression [HR=17.7 (95%CI: 3.0\u2013106.8; p=0.0017) and HR=1.3 (95%CI: 1.1\u20131.5; p=0.0125), respectively].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_cclm-2025-0098_abs_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study confirms that only a small proportion of PCD children progress to CD. It also highlights that advancing age and the presence of autoimmune disease are the main risk factors for the development of villous atrophy. A better understanding of tTG-IgA trend during follow up could help in the management of PCD children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2025-0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T11:56:26Z","timestamp":1745495786000},"page":"1814-1822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Potential coeliac disease in children: a single-center experience"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Lonoce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Department , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Lalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Translational Immunology , IRCCS Foundation National Cancer Institute , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Abbattista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Hruby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cocuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Mantegazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Groppali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Pasotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regional Coordination Center for Laboratory Medicine of Lombardy Region , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7325-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science , University of Milan , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianvincenzo","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science , University of Milan , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department , Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital , Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051215061114861_j_cclm-2025-0098_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husby, S, Koletzko, S, Korponay-Szab\u00f3, I, Kurrpa, K, Mearin, ML, Ribes-Koninckx, C, et al.. 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